Help with deriving this diffraction equation

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The discussion focuses on deriving the diffraction equation m λ = d (sin(θm) - sin(θi)), which involves understanding the relationship between groove spacing, wavelength, and angles of incidence and diffraction. The original poster expresses difficulty in comprehending a referenced website's explanation, which lacks clarity on the trigonometric derivation. They describe a setup involving two incident rays and their corresponding diffracted rays, emphasizing the importance of path length differences in the derivation. A contributor, ehild, suggests that the formula presented in the article is incorrect. Overall, the thread seeks clearer guidance on the derivation process for this diffraction equation.
Emidy
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Homework Statement


Hi! I need help with showing how to derive this formula for the diffraction of a laser:
m λ = d (sin(θm) - sin(θi))

where:
d = groove spacing
m = order of diffraction
λ = wavelength of laser
θi = angle of incidence
θm = angle of diffraction

Homework Equations


I found this site that has diagram and sort of explains it, but not really. Also, their equation is a bit different:
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2003-05/1053350704.Ph.r.html"

2. The attempt at a solution
Well... I've tried to understand the website's way of deriving it, but they just say "using trigonometry, you can find that..." blah blah blah, and that doesn't really help.

Any help at all would be appreciated. Thank you!
 
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The figure shows two rays (1, 2) of the incident beam, and two ones (1', 2') diffracted by θm. CD is the last common wavefront in the incident beam, and AB is the first common wavefront in the diffracted beam. The ray 1 travels the length AD after the last common wavefront till it reaches the grating and 2' travels the length BC after leaving the grating before it reaches the first common wavefront with 1'. So the difference of path lengths is BC-AD. The formula in the article is wrong.

ehild
 

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Thread 'Correct statement about size of wire to produce larger extension'
The answer is (B) but I don't really understand why. Based on formula of Young Modulus: $$x=\frac{FL}{AE}$$ The second wire made of the same material so it means they have same Young Modulus. Larger extension means larger value of ##x## so to get larger value of ##x## we can increase ##F## and ##L## and decrease ##A## I am not sure whether there is change in ##F## for first and second wire so I will just assume ##F## does not change. It leaves (B) and (C) as possible options so why is (C)...

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