Hohmann Transfer Orbit (Simple)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the velocity at pericenter (v_pe) for a satellite transitioning from a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at 300 km altitude to a geosynchronous orbit at 42,240 km. The correct formula for v_pe is provided as v_pe = (2πa_to)/p_to[2a_to/a_leo - 1]^(1/2), but an alternative formula is suggested: v(r) = √(μ(2/r - 1/a)), where μ represents the gravitational parameter of Earth. The user expresses confusion over the calculations, indicating a potential misunderstanding of the orbital mechanics involved.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of orbital mechanics and transfer orbits
  • Familiarity with gravitational parameters and their application in calculations
  • Knowledge of the formulas for calculating orbital velocities
  • Basic proficiency in unit conversions, particularly between kilometers and astronomical units (AU)
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Hohmann Transfer Orbit concept in detail
  • Learn about the gravitational parameter (μ) for Earth and its significance in orbital calculations
  • Explore the derivation and application of the velocity formula v(r) = √(μ(2/r - 1/a))
  • Practice solving problems involving orbital transfers and velocity calculations
USEFUL FOR

Aerospace engineers, astrophysicists, and students studying orbital mechanics will benefit from this discussion, particularly those involved in satellite trajectory planning and orbital transfers.

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Homework Statement


I've been stuck on this problem forever, any help is greatly appreciated. A satellite is in a LEO at h=300km and it is sent to a geosynchronous orbit at 4.224x10^4 km. Calculate velocity at pericenter i.e v_pe


Homework Equations



v_pe = (2πa_to)/p_to[2a_to/a_leo -1 ]^(1/2)



The Attempt at a Solution



I ran the numbers several times slowly in all the right units etc and still get a ridiculous number... i.e. a boost velocity of 10^6 power...

do I have the right equation for v_pe?

i used a_to = a_gs + a_leo / 2 where a_gs is the given quantity and a_leo = radius of Earth + h

Is that the right set up? please help, thanks.
 
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and p^2=a^3 with a in au for period of the transfer orbit
 
If I may suggest, perhaps an easier to use formula for the velocity of a body on orbit is given by:
$$v(r) = \sqrt{\mu \left(\frac{2}{r} - \frac{1}{a} \right)}$$
where ##\mu## is the gravitational parameter of the central body (GM for the Earth in this case).

You know the perigee radius and a for the transfer orbit... so no mucking about with AU and periods.
 
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