How a microwave seems to heat oil just as well as water

In summary, a microwave oven heats things by using microwaves to vibrate polar water molecules, causing them to align with the electromagnetic field and transfer their agitation to the surrounding food. This means that items with less water content should heat slower in microwaves. However, other chemicals can also absorb microwaves, which may explain why vegetable oil, with a lower specific heat, heated just as quickly as water in a microwave. To make a fair comparison, both materials should be put in the microwave at the same time. This raises the question of whether the commonly accepted explanation for how microwave ovens work is the whole truth.
  • #1
Zeno Marx
18
0
I always understood that a microwave oven heated things by the microwaves (wavelength about 10cm) vibrating the polar water molecules so they try to line up with the flipping electromagnetic field and they then impart their agitation to the surrounding matter of the food. Now if this story checks out things with less water should heat slower in microwaves. I was giving this explanation to some friends of mine and as an experiment put a bowl of vegetable oil in our microwave, something that if only the water was involved you would expect to heat slower, yet it seemed to heat just as fast as anything else (in fact faster than a bowl of just water would - I know there are some specific heat issues here). what is going on here? Is the story we have been told about how microwave ovens work not the whole truth?
 
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  • #2
Many things absorb microwaves. Water absorbs them very well, but other chemicals absorb them as well.
The lower specific heat is an important factor, too.

If you want a fair comparison, you have to put both materials in at the same time, otherwise most of the microwave energy will get absorbed in the target material in both cases.
 

1. How does a microwave heat oil and water equally?

Microwaves use electromagnetic waves to heat food, including oil and water. These waves cause the molecules in the food to vibrate, creating heat. Both oil and water contain molecules that are polar, which means they have a positive and negative charge. This allows them to be heated evenly by the microwave.

2. Why does oil seem to heat up faster in a microwave than on the stove?

Microwaves can heat up oil faster than a stove because they penetrate the food directly and heat it from the inside out. On a stove, the heat must travel through the pan and then through the oil, which can take longer.

3. Is it safe to heat oil in a microwave?

Yes, it is safe to heat oil in a microwave as long as you take proper precautions. Make sure the container you are using is microwave-safe and do not overheat the oil. It is also important to stir the oil frequently to ensure even heating and prevent hot spots.

4. Can oil explode in a microwave?

Yes, it is possible for oil to explode in a microwave if it gets too hot. This is because the water molecules in the oil can become superheated and rapidly boil, causing the oil to splatter and potentially create a fire hazard. To avoid this, make sure to use a microwave-safe container and do not overheat the oil.

5. Why does oil sometimes heat up faster in a microwave than water?

The heating time of oil and water in a microwave can vary depending on the specific heat capacity of each substance. Oil has a lower specific heat capacity than water, meaning it requires less energy to raise its temperature. Therefore, it may heat up faster in a microwave than water, but this can also depend on the amount and size of the substance being heated.

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