How are Pions Produced in Nuclei?

fujita969
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How are Pions produced inside a nucleus? I've heard it was through gluons exchange but found nothing about it.
 
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Same way photons are produced by charged particles interacting and gluons are produced by quarks interacting. In this case, I think it's a manifestation of the Colour Force.
 
Could you explain it in more detail?
Also, browsing through wikipedia I found a Feynman diagram that seems to point when a pion is produced, however, it does not really tells how.
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Pn_scatter_quarks.png/300px-Pn_scatter_quarks.png
 
Toponium is a hadron which is the bound state of a valance top quark and a valance antitop quark. Oversimplified presentations often state that top quarks don't form hadrons, because they decay to bottom quarks extremely rapidly after they are created, leaving no time to form a hadron. And, the vast majority of the time, this is true. But, the lifetime of a top quark is only an average lifetime. Sometimes it decays faster and sometimes it decays slower. In the highly improbable case that...
I'm following this paper by Kitaev on SL(2,R) representations and I'm having a problem in the normalization of the continuous eigenfunctions (eqs. (67)-(70)), which satisfy \langle f_s | f_{s'} \rangle = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{2}{(1-u)^2} f_s(u)^* f_{s'}(u) \, du. \tag{67} The singular contribution of the integral arises at the endpoint u=1 of the integral, and in the limit u \to 1, the function f_s(u) takes on the form f_s(u) \approx a_s (1-u)^{1/2 + i s} + a_s^* (1-u)^{1/2 - i s}. \tag{70}...
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