How calculate the total energy of a collision?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the total energy of a collision between two cubes, focusing on the contributions from both linear and angular velocities. Participants explore the complexities of accurately modeling collisions in three dimensions, including the roles of inertia and momentum.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes that the total energy before a collision can be expressed as the sum of linear and angular kinetic energy, questioning whether the inertia "I" should be treated as a scalar or if a cross product is necessary.
  • Another participant suggests calculating energy in the center of momentum frame and emphasizes the importance of understanding relative velocities and angular momentum during collisions.
  • A participant notes the challenges of accurately modeling collisions, particularly the conversion between linear and angular momentum, and suggests starting with simpler shapes like spheres for practice.
  • One participant expresses concern about the physics library they are using, which sometimes yields incorrect results, and questions whether energy should exceed the initial value calculated from their proposed equation.
  • Another participant references a related thread on kinetic energy of rotating cubes, providing a potential resource for further exploration.
  • A participant corrects their earlier statement regarding the calculation of speed in relation to angular velocity, clarifying that it should be based on the distance to the axis of rotation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying opinions on the best approach to calculate total energy in collisions, with no consensus on whether the initial energy should be solely based on the proposed equation or if momentum considerations are necessary. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best modeling techniques and the reliability of the physics library in use.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge the complexity of accurately modeling collisions in three dimensions, including the need for precise definitions of inertia and the effects of angular momentum. There are indications of limitations in the physics library being used, as well as potential misunderstandings about the calculations involved.

Lucas Borsatto
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Hello guys,

I am developing a physics system that simulates collision between two cubes. I need to calculate the total energy in those cubes in an instant before the collision. I know that the total kinetic energy in this case is the sum of the angular velocity energy and the linear velocity energy:

E = 1/2 * m * v² + 1/2 * I * w²

My question is, in the energy from angular velocity, "I" is the module of the components (Ix, Iy, Iz) of the inertia, right? Or I need to do some cross product before?

Thanks
 
Physics news on Phys.org
i think do this is more helpful
calculate energy about com and energy of com wrt ground
 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia

Colliding cubes is tough. To get it accurately in 3-D you would need to work out the exact collision of the cubes. To get that you will need to know the relative velocities, angular velocities, and masses.Then you have to work out what it does to the linear and angular momentum.

As Shreyas suggests, the centre of momentum frame will get you a good start. In that frame you have each cube with linear momentum of equal magnitude, but exactly opposite direction. After the collision they are still "back to back" w.r.t. linear momentum.

But doing the angular part of the collision is tough. For example, a grazing collision could convert a lot of linear momentum to angular, or the other way around. If the two cubes were originally spinning very quickly then they could transfer a lot of this to linear momentum if they caught just right.

Maybe as a start you could model spheres? That will get you some experience.
 
I read about angular and linear momentum, but I think that it could be simpler. I think that with spheres it would be easier too, but I am working in a project that needs of this collision between two cubes.

I am using a physics library that does this job very well, and it already calculates velocities, positions, inertias of the things. It works around the time a cycle takes to complete, so its movements are all relatives.
But in some moments the collision calculate a wrong result, doing the cubes collide with an object and then it get a large angular velocity.
I think that a energy of the system (always between two rigid bodies) could not be greater than this initial value. This energy could be calculated only with the equation that I mentioned above, right? Or I will really need to work with linear and angular momentum?
 
I have to rectify about what I have said, the speed will be w*d where d is the distance of any point to the axis of rotation, not to the center of the cube.

Sorry for that.
 
Thanks USeptim, I will try it.
 

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