How can I safely uninstall a program without an uninstaller?

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To safely uninstall a program without a dedicated uninstaller, such as Cygwin, the recommended approach is to manually delete the root folder and its subfolders. When a program is installed on Windows, it typically involves copying files to the Program Files directory, placing libraries in system directories, modifying the registry (either HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE for all users or HKEY_CURRENT_USER for a single user), and creating shortcuts. While it is possible to manually reverse these changes, editing the registry can be risky. To assist with cleanup, tools like Ashampoo's WinOptimizer can help remove orphaned DLLs and clean the registry after the manual deletion of the program's files.
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Computer Uninstalling problem!

I have a question of how to uninstall a program safely without some kind of uninstaller shown in Add and Remove. For example, I installed cigwin in my computer, and I don't know how to install it since there's no an unintaller associated with it. Thank you very much for whatever advice!
 
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Just delete the root folder and all its subfolders, as explained here:

http://cygwin.com/faq/faq_2.html#SEC20
 
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Basically when you install a program in windows you do the following:
. copy some files over to program files directory
. copy some libraries (dlls) over to either windows or program files directory
. add some entries to the registry. If you selected to install for every user, then changes are made to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, otherwise to HKEY_CURRENT_USER.
. create shortcuts and start menu entries.

You can manually roll back the installation, but you will probably find yourself manually editing the registry which is a dangerous practice.
There are tools that clean the registry and look for orphan dlls, such as Ashampoo's WinOptimizer: http://www.ashampoo.com/frontend/homepage/php/index.php?session_langid=2
which you would use after manually deleting the root folder.
 
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