How can O- and COO- act as an electron releasing group in a π system?

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SUMMARY

O- (alkoxide) and COO- (carboxylate) groups act as electron-releasing groups in π systems due to their ability to donate electron density through resonance. Both functional groups possess a significant electron density that can interact with the conjugated π system of aromatic compounds. The resonance structures formed by these groups enhance the electron density in the aromatic system, making them effective in activating aromatic rings. Understanding the resonance contributions of these groups is crucial for predicting their effects on reactivity and stability in organic chemistry.

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  • Basic principles of aromaticity and its activation/deactivation
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  • Study resonance structures of alkoxide and carboxylate groups in detail
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Frigus
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can anyone explain me how O negative and COO negative acts as electron releasing group,I understood how alkyl groups acts as electron releasing group but I can't understand this
 
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Are you referring to activation/deactivation of aromatics? It might help to write out the possible resonance structures. At any rate, for both species, there is a large electron density on the functional group that can form a somewhat continuous connection with the conjugated pi system of the aromatic group.
 
Through resonance of the pi orbitals. Sometimes resonance is more important than electronegativity.
 

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