How Do You Calculate Work from a Force Applied at an Angle?

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To calculate work from a force applied at an angle, the appropriate equation is Work = integral(Fcos(theta)dx). The force is given as F(x) = x^2 - 2x, and the angle is 30 degrees, leading to the cosine component being cos(30) = sqrt(3)/2. By integrating the expression sqrt(3)/2(x^2 - 2x) over the distance of 2 meters, the result is found to be -2sqrt(3)/3. This confirms the correct application of the work formula in this scenario.
gggorillaz
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Homework Statement


A force is applied to a block downwards at 30 degrees above the horizon line. the Force = x^2 - 2x (Newtons). Find work over the first 2 meters


Homework Equations


Work = integral(F(x)dx)
Work = integral(Fcos(theta)dx)
Work = F(x)delta(x)

The Attempt at a Solution


Im really unsure as to which equation i should use in this case. If I use the top one i find that (x^3)/3 - x^2 = W so I would plug in 2 for x and get 8/3 - 4 but that leaves out angle so I think it's incorrect.
The middle equation looks more promising but I am confused as to what F is in this case. would F be the F(x)? if so would i have to integrate (x^2 - 2x)*sqrt(3)/2 (cos30 = sqrt(3)/2)
The lower equation looks just as wrong as the first, so I am leaning towards the middle one to help me out. Is this even remotely correct?
 
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gggorillaz said:

Homework Statement


A force is applied to a block downwards at 30 degrees above the horizon line. the Force = x^2 - 2x (Newtons). Find work over the first 2 meters


Homework Equations


Work = integral(F(x)dx)
Work = integral(Fcos(theta)dx)
Work = F(x)delta(x)

The Attempt at a Solution


Im really unsure as to which equation i should use in this case. If I use the top one i find that (x^3)/3 - x^2 = W so I would plug in 2 for x and get 8/3 - 4 but that leaves out angle so I think it's incorrect.
The middle equation looks more promising but I am confused as to what F is in this case. would F be the F(x)? if so would i have to integrate (x^2 - 2x)*sqrt(3)/2 (cos30 = sqrt(3)/2)
The lower equation looks just as wrong as the first, so I am leaning towards the middle one to help me out. Is this even remotely correct?
Yes, it is. The middle equation is the definition of work.
 
Ok sweet, so i would find integral of sqrt(3)(x^2/2 -2x) which = sqrt(3)/2(x^3/3 - x^2). now if i plug 2m in for x i find sqrt3 /2(8/3 - 4) which =-2sqrt(3)/3 right?
 
gggorillaz said:
Ok sweet, so i would find integral of sqrt(3)(x^2/2 -2x) which = sqrt(3)/2(x^3/3 - x^2). now if i plug 2m in for x i find sqrt3 /2(8/3 - 4) which =-2sqrt(3)/3 right?
Yes, correct!:approve:
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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