How Does a Connected Subspace Generate Another in Topological Groups?

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    2015
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SUMMARY

A connected subspace of a topological group $\pi$ that includes the identity element must algebraically generate another connected subspace of $\pi$. This conclusion is based on the properties of topological groups and the definition of connectedness in the context of algebraic structures. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between connected subspaces and their algebraic generation within topological groups.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of topological groups
  • Familiarity with the concept of connectedness in topology
  • Knowledge of algebraic structures and their properties
  • Basic proficiency in mathematical proofs and reasoning
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of connected spaces in topology
  • Explore the algebraic structures of topological groups
  • Learn about the implications of the identity element in group theory
  • Investigate examples of connected subspaces in various topological groups
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Mathematicians, topologists, and students studying algebraic topology who are interested in the interplay between topology and algebra in connected spaces.

Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Show that a connected subspace of a topological group $\pi$ which contains the identity must algebraically generate another connected subspace of $\pi$.
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No one answered this week's problem. You can read my solution below.
Let $C$ be a connected subspace of $\pi$ which contains the identity. In particular, the subgroup $\langle C\rangle$ generated by $C$ contains the identity. Let $x$ be a non-identity element of $\langle C\rangle$. There exists an index $k$, elements $c_1,\ldots, c_k\in C$, and positive integers $n_1,\ldots, n_k$ such that $x = c_1^{\epsilon_1 n_1}\cdots c_k^{\epsilon_k n_k}$, where the $\epsilon_i$ are $\pm 1$. Since multiplication and inversion are continuous and $C$ is connected, the sets $C^{\epsilon_1},\ldots, C^{\epsilon_k}$ are connected. Hence $C^{\epsilon_1}\cdots C^{\epsilon_k}$, the continuous image of the connected set $C^{\epsilon_1}\times \cdots \times C^{\epsilon_k}$ (in $\pi^k$) under multiplication, is connected. Since both $x$ and the identity belong to $C^{\epsilon_1}\cdots C^{\epsilon_k}$, it follows that $x$ belongs to the connected component of $\langle C\rangle$ at the identity. Since $x$ was arbitrary, $\langle C\rangle$ is connected.
 

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