How Does Angular Velocity Change as String Length Reduces in a Rotating System?

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on a classical mechanics problem involving a particle of mass m attached to a string of length L, which is pulled through a hole, reducing its length to L/2. The angular velocity of the particle increases to four times its original value due to the conservation of angular momentum. Additionally, the tension in the string can be derived from the work-energy principle, confirming that the increase in kinetic energy equals the work done by the force pulling the string. The key equations utilized include rotational kinetic energy E = 1/2 I ω² and the relationship between potential energy changes.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of angular momentum conservation
  • Familiarity with rotational kinetic energy equations
  • Basic knowledge of potential energy in mechanical systems
  • Ability to apply work-energy principles in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the conservation of angular momentum in rotating systems
  • Learn about the derivation of tension in strings under dynamic conditions
  • Explore the relationship between kinetic energy and work done in mechanical systems
  • Investigate the effects of varying string lengths on angular velocity in practical scenarios
USEFUL FOR

Students of classical mechanics, physics educators, and anyone interested in the dynamics of rotating systems and energy transformations.

Simfish
Gold Member
Messages
811
Reaction score
2
This is a problem from Kibble Classical Mechanics, so it may be harder than it looks.

Homework Statement



10. A particle of mass m is attached to the end of a light string of length
L. The other end of the string is passed through a small hole and is slowly pulled through it. Gravity is negligible. The particle is originally spinning round the hole with angular velocity ω. Find the angular velocity when the string length has been reduced to L/2. Find also the
tension in the string when its length is r, and verify that the increase in
kinetic energy is equal to the work done by the force pulling the string
through the hole.

=====

Attempt:

PE_{orig} = (1/2) k L^2

PE_{new} = (1/2) k (L/2)^2 = (1/8) k L^2

So PE_{new} / PE_{old} is 4.

Now, I know that rotational kinetic energy is E = 1/2 I ω^2. And the answer says that the new angular velocity is 4 times that of the old angular velocity. But how do I get that?

Also, how do I get the tension in the string? Tension comes from a force opposing an applied force. Also, I know that W = Fd = F*L/2. So... maybe F = W/d = \Delta PE/d = (7/8) k L^2 / (L/2) = (7kL/16). But that's still nowhere near the answer
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
just use angular momentum conservation
 
Let particle and string be a system
Since no external torques act, angular momentum is conserved.
Hence,
 

Attachments

Similar threads

Replies
2
Views
2K
Replies
10
Views
3K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
Replies
67
Views
5K
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
6K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K