How does RFI manifest in the audio range?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on how radio frequency interference (RFI), particularly at frequencies like 150kHz, can manifest as audible noise within the human hearing range of 20Hz to 20kHz in audio equipment. Participants explore various mechanisms and phenomena that could explain this interference, including rectification, aliasing, and intermodulation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes the necessity of grounded shielding in audio equipment to block EMI and RFI, questioning how RFI beyond human hearing can produce audible noise.
  • Another participant introduces the concept of "audio rectification" due to semiconductor junctions, suggesting that RF signals can be rectified to produce audible envelopes, similar to AM receivers.
  • Aliasing is proposed as a potential source of audible noise in digital sampling systems, although details are not elaborated.
  • A third participant mentions intermodulation, where RF signals can mix with other nearby RF signals to create audio frequency components.
  • One participant emphasizes that non-linear behavior of amplifiers at radio frequencies could lead to rectification and detection, allowing RFI to become audible, while also noting that these amplifiers may be linear at audio frequencies due to negative feedback circuits.
  • Another participant points out that RF scans for interference typically start at 30MHz, but acknowledges that lower frequency interference can still be problematic, citing historical examples of interference in television broadcasts.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various hypotheses regarding how RFI can become audible, but there is no consensus on a single explanation. Multiple competing views and mechanisms are presented without resolution.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the dependence on the non-linearity of amplifiers and the specific conditions under which RFI manifests as audible noise. The discussion also touches on the frequency ranges relevant to different types of interference and testing.

Landru
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TL;DR
How does RFI, which is beyond the audible frequency range, manifest as noise within the audible range?
So I understand that grounded shielding of audio equipment is necessary to block both EMI and RFI from audio equipment, but what I can't find information about is how, for example, radio frequency interference "RFI" at 150kHz, can interfere with audio equipment in such a way that you will hear noise that is within the audible range of 20Hz to 20kHz. Can someone explain how the RFI which is beyond the range of human hearing, becomes a noise that is audible?
 
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"Audio Rectification" due to semiconductor junctions where the RF gets rectified and the resulting envelope is in the audible range. Just think of simple AM receivers using a diode as an envelope detector:

https://www.google.com/search?q=rectification+interference&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-1
And some times the induced problem is worse than just some hum or voices coming out of the equipment. We once had a PC blow up on a ship application where a crew member walked by the PC and keyed a pretty high-power walkie talkie. Turned out that RF interference coupled into a loop in the power supply that was part of the output voltage control circuitry. Boom!
 
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Another possible source, in sampling digital systems anyway, is aliasing.
 
A third possibility is intermod. An RF signal can interact with another nearby RF signal and mix down to an audio frequency.
 
Landru said:
Summary: How does RFI, which is beyond the audible frequency range, manifest as noise within the audible range?

but what I can't find information about is how, for example, radio frequency interference "RFI" at 150kHz, can interfere with audio equipment in such a way that you will hear noise that is within the audible range of 20Hz to 20kHz.
BTW, 150kHz is a typical switching frequency for SMPS, but it's not really RF. RF scans for interference typically start at 30MHz, although the EN 61000-4-6 immunity test does run from 150kHz to 80MHz. And since one of my communication transceiver technologies uses signaling with Differential Manchester encoding at 39-78kHz (and another is centered on 1.25MHz), I run a lot of immunity tests on our products in that frequency range.

Any rectification, intermod, or CM-DM conversion is bad, and we try to design to reject those effects.
 
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Landru said:
Summary: How does RFI, which is beyond the audible frequency range, manifest as noise within the audible range?

So I understand that grounded shielding of audio equipment is necessary to block both EMI and RFI from audio equipment, but what I can't find information about is how, for example, radio frequency interference "RFI" at 150kHz, can interfere with audio equipment in such a way that you will hear noise that is within the audible range of 20Hz to 20kHz. Can someone explain how the RFI which is beyond the range of human hearing, becomes a noise that is audible?
It will become audible if the amplifier is non linear, so that rectification and detection take place.
It is possible that the amplifier is non linear at radio frequencies whilst being linear at audio frequencies. This is because solid state amplifiers rely on negative feedback circuits for linearity and these circuits might not be effective at high frequencies.
 
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berkeman said:
RF scans for interference typically start at 30MHz
That's OK if your installation is not just done the road from a 200kW LF or MF Radio transmitter. It was a common occurrence for people to hear the MF radio broadcasts on their Band 1 405 line TVs. Frequency mixing can cause intermodulation products just about anywhere you care to imaging.
 

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