How Does Temperature Affect the Length of a Rubber Band Under Constant Tension?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the fractional change in the length of a rubber band (L-L0) due to a temperature increase (δT) while maintaining constant tension (τ). Key equations include U=cL0T and τ=bT((L-L0)/(L1-L0)), where L1 represents the elastic limit. The participants explore the application of Maxwell's equations and the first law of thermodynamics to derive relationships between temperature, entropy, and tension. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a clear understanding of thermodynamic principles as they apply to elastic materials.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics, specifically the first law of thermodynamics.
  • Familiarity with Maxwell's equations in thermodynamic contexts.
  • Knowledge of material properties, particularly elasticity and tension in rubber bands.
  • Basic calculus for differentiating equations related to temperature and length changes.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of Maxwell's equations in thermodynamics.
  • Research the first law of thermodynamics and its implications for elastic materials.
  • Explore the relationship between temperature changes and material properties in rubber bands.
  • Learn about the concept of elastic limits and how they affect material behavior under tension.
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics or engineering, particularly those studying thermodynamics and material science, will benefit from this discussion. It is also valuable for anyone interested in the mechanical properties of materials under varying temperature conditions.

derrickb
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Homework Statement


For the rubber band model, calculate the fractional change in (L-L0) that results from an increase δT in temperature, at constant tension. Express the result in terms of the length and temperature.


Homework Equations


U=cL0T
τ=bT((L-L0)/(L1-L0)); τ=tension, L1=elastic limit
d/dL(1/T)=d/dU(-τ/T)


The Attempt at a Solution


I'm sort of at a loss on this one. I've tried subbing in all sorts of equations, but can't seem to make any real progress.
 
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derrickb said:

Homework Statement


For the rubber band model, calculate the fractional change in (L-L0) that results from an increase δT in temperature, at constant tension. Express the result in terms of the length and temperature.


Homework Equations


U=cL0T
τ=bT((L-L0)/(L1-L0)); τ=tension, L1=elastic limit
d/dL(1/T)=d/dU(-τ/T)


The Attempt at a Solution


I'm sort of at a loss on this one. I've tried subbing in all sorts of equations, but can't seem to make any real progress.

EDIT:

By using Maxwell's 4th equation you can show that T dS = Cτ dT if τ is constant.

You can also rewrite the 1st law as dU = T dS + τ dL.

Just thinking - if we can assume an "ideal rubber band" analogously to an ideal gas, such that U is a function of T only, then dU = CL dT similar to dU = CV dT for an ideal gas.
 
Last edited:

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