How Is Temperature Related to Pressure in Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas?

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SUMMARY

The relationship between temperature and pressure during the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas is defined by the differential equation dT/dP = 2T/5P. This conclusion is derived from the ideal gas law and the equation PV^γ = C, where γ is the heat capacity ratio. The correct value of γ for a diatomic ideal gas is 5/3, which is crucial for obtaining the accurate relationship. The initial miscalculation using γ = 3/2 was corrected, leading to the proper derivation.

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  • Understanding of the Ideal Gas Law
  • Familiarity with adiabatic processes in thermodynamics
  • Knowledge of the heat capacity ratio (γ)
  • Basic calculus for differentiation
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Homework Statement


Show that when an ideal gas expands adiabatically, the temperature and pressure are related by the differential equation:
\frac{dT}{dP} = \frac{2T}{5P}

Homework Equations


Ideal gas law


The Attempt at a Solution


PV = nkT

T = \frac{PV}{nk}

\frac{dT}{dP} = \frac{1}{nk}(V + P\frac{dV}{dP})

So what is dV/dP?

PV^\gamma = C

V = C^{\frac{1}{\gamma}} P^{\frac{-1}{\gamma}}

\frac{dV}{dP} = C ^ {\frac{1}{\gamma}} \frac{-1}{\gamma}P^{\frac{-1}{\gamma} - 1}

\frac{dV}{dP} = \frac{-1}{\gamma} VP^{-1}
so

\frac{dT}{dP} = \frac{1}{nk}[V - \frac{V}{\gamma}]

But this gives dT/dP ~= 1/3 T/P (using gamma~=3/2), instead of 2/5 T/P. Can anyone see where I went wrong?
 
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Err. never mind, gamma should be 5/3, not 3/2, in which case this does give the correct answer.
 

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