How is the alternating electric potential produced in cyclotrons?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the production of alternating electric potential in cyclotrons, particularly focusing on the mechanisms involved in generating the necessary alternating electric fields for accelerating charged particles. The scope includes theoretical aspects of cyclotron operation and the implications of relativistic effects on frequency.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the cyclotron frequency is given by the formula f = (q B)/(2 pi m), leading to high frequencies for charged particles in strong magnetic fields.
  • Another participant mentions that the cyclotron frequency corresponds to tens of MHz, suggesting that a radio frequency generator is typically used to produce the alternating electric potential.
  • A further contribution indicates that devices similar to those used in low power radio transmitters can generate the required alternating current, with power levels possibly around tens of Watts.
  • Questions are raised about whether the frequency of the cyclotron changes with time or radius, indicating some uncertainty about the constancy of frequency.
  • One participant clarifies that in classical cyclotrons, the frequency remains constant until relativistic effects become significant, which then necessitates adjustments in the driving frequency in synchrocyclotrons.
  • A question is posed regarding the maximum particle energy before relativistic effects require the use of a different frequency for electrons and protons, indicating a desire for further exploration of the topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the constancy of frequency in cyclotrons, particularly in relation to relativistic effects. There is no consensus on the maximum particle energy thresholds for electrons and protons before relativistic considerations become necessary.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the behavior of cyclotron frequencies under different conditions, particularly regarding relativistic effects and the specific power requirements for generating alternating electric potentials.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to individuals studying accelerator physics, particularly those focused on cyclotron design and operation, as well as those exploring the implications of relativistic effects in particle acceleration.

tachyon_man
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If the cyclotron frequency is f = (q B)/(2 pi m) this gives a very large frequency for a relatively large magnetic field and for an alpha particle say. If the acceleration of the charged particle across the "dees" is cause by an alternating electric potential (usually in the form of a square wave), how would one go about producing this alternating electric potential?
Title should say alternating electric potential... I cannot type today.
 
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When you put in the numbers you will find that the cyclotron frequency is high frequency radio frequencies.
This is tens of MHz. So a radio frequency generator is used
 
The sort of device that would be used to produce the alternating current would be the same as is used in low power radio transmitters. Afaik, the power is in the order of tens of Watts (?).
 
does the frequency change with time or radius. Or can it posibly stay stationary, ever?
 
constant sorry, not stationary. I am stupid tonight.
 
In the original "classical" cyclotrons, the frequency was constant. When the particle energy gets high enough, relativistic effects become significant. The particles' frequency of revolution decreases and gets out of step with the driving frequency. The next step was the synchrocyclotron which varied the driving frequency to keep in step with the relativistic effects.
 
what would the maximum particle energy be before we woule have to use the relativistic cyclntron frequency for a) electron b) proton? If you don't mind me borrowing your intellect.
 

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