How is the Exponential Term Derived in Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory?

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SUMMARY

The exponential term \( e^{i(\omega_m - \omega_0) t'} \) in Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory is derived from the interaction of the Hamiltonian operator \( \hat{H}_0 \) with the eigenstates \( \ket{m} \) and \( \ket{0} \). The left exponential acts on the bra, while the right exponential acts on the ket, effectively replacing the ket with its corresponding eigenvalue due to the eigenstate property. This manipulation is crucial for understanding transitions between quantum states under perturbations.

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Rayan
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Homework Statement
A free particle of spin 1 is at rest in a magnetic field B, so that
$$ H_0 = −κ B_z S_z $$
where $S_z$ is the projection of the spin operator in the z direction. A harmonic perturbation
with frequency $ ω = κ B_z $ is applied in the x direction for a short time (one period of
oscillation only), so that the weak perturbation is
$$ V (t) = −κ B_x S_x sin(ωt) \, \, \, , \, \, \, for 0 < t < T = (2π/ω) $$
Relevant Equations
Calculate, using time-dependent perturbation theory the probability of observing $S_z = ℏ$ to the lowest non-vanishing order.
So I have the solution here and trying to understand what happened at the beginning of the second row! How did we get the exponential $$e^{i(\omega_m - \omega_0 ) t' }$$ ?

Screenshot 2024-02-18 at 10.37.18.png
 
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The left exponential acted on the bra and the right exponential acted on the ket. Since ##\ket{m}## is an eigenstate of ##\hat H_0## this replaces it by its corresponding eigenvalue.
 
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