MHB How to Prove $X$ Has Lebesgue Measure Zero?

  • Thread starter Thread starter Euge
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    2017
Click For Summary
The discussion centers on proving that the set \( X \), consisting of all \( x \) in the interval \([0, 2\pi]\) for which the sequence \((\sin(n_k x))_{k=1}^\infty\) converges, has Lebesgue measure zero. The problem highlights the properties of strictly increasing sequences of natural numbers and their impact on convergence in trigonometric functions. A solution is provided by the original poster, who notes the delay in posting due to illness. Despite the lack of responses from the community, the problem remains an interesting exploration of measure theory. The thread emphasizes the importance of understanding convergence in the context of Lebesgue measure.
Euge
Gold Member
MHB
POTW Director
Messages
2,072
Reaction score
245
Here is this week's POTW:

-----
Consider a strictly increasing sequence of natural numbers $(n_k)_{k = 1}^\infty$, and suppose $X$ is the subset of $[0,2\pi]$ consisting of all $x$ such that the sequence $(\sin(n_k x))_{k = 1}^\infty$ is convergent. Prove $X$ has Lebesgue measure zero.-----

Remember to read the http://www.mathhelpboards.com/showthread.php?772-Problem-of-the-Week-%28POTW%29-Procedure-and-Guidelines to find out how to http://www.mathhelpboards.com/forms.php?do=form&fid=2!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Hi MHB community,

Due to illness, I'm posting a solution later than usual. No one answered this week's problem. You can read my solution below.
Let $f(x) = \lim_{k\to \infty} \sin(n_k x)$, for all $x\in X$. By the Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, $\int_X \cos(2n_k x)\, dx \to 0$ as $k \to \infty$. On the other hand, due to the identity $2\sin^2(n_k x) = 1 - \cos(2n_k x)$, the dominated convergence theorem gives $\int_X 2f(x)^2\, dx = \int_X 1\, dx$. Therefore, $f(x) = \pm \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ for almost every $x\in X$. Again, by the Riemann-Lebesgue lemma and the dominated convergence theorem, $\int_X f(x)\, dx = 0$. Consequently, $m(X) = 0$.