MHB How to Solve the Integral of 1/sqrt(7-x^2) – A Step-by-Step Guide

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The integral of 1/sqrt(7-x^2) can be solved using the substitution x = sqrt(7)sin(u), leading to dx = sqrt(7)cos(u) du. This transforms the integral into I = ∫ du, which simplifies to u + C. The final result is I = arcsin(x/sqrt(7)) + C, confirming the solution is correct. The discussion highlights the importance of recognizing standard integrals and the substitution method in solving them.
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242.ws3.2
$\displaystyle
I=\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{7-x^2}}
=\arcsin\left(\frac{\sqrt{7}x}{7}\right)+C$
I know this is a standard Integral but was given to solve it
$x=\sqrt{7}\sin\left({u}\right) \therefore dx=\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right) \, du$
I proceeded but 😰
 
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karush said:
242.ws3.2
$\displaystyle
I=\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{7-x^2}}
=\arcsin\left(\frac{\sqrt{7}x}{7}\right)+C$
I know this is a standard Integral but was given to solve it
$x=\sqrt{7}\sin\left({u}\right) \therefore dx=\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right) \, du$
I proceeded but 😰

putting $x=\sqrt{7}\sin\left({u}\right) \therefore dx=\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right) \, du$
we have
$\sqrt{7-x^2} = \sqrt{7}\cos (u)$
so integal becomes
$I=\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{7-x^2}}= \int \frac{\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right)}{\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right)} \, du= \int du = u +C = \arcsin \frac{x}{\sqrt{7}} + C $
 
really, that's what I did but didn't think it was right... :cool:
 
Then you should have told us that you had a solution and shown how you got it in your first post.
 
$I=\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{7-x^2}}= \int \frac{\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right)}{\sqrt{7}\cos\left({u}\right)} \, du$
When I got to here I thought it was wrong.
But it was correct😎
 
There are probably loads of proofs of this online, but I do not want to cheat. Here is my attempt: Convexity says that $$f(\lambda a + (1-\lambda)b) \leq \lambda f(a) + (1-\lambda) f(b)$$ $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (f(a) - f(b))$$ We know from the intermediate value theorem that there exists a ##c \in (b,a)## such that $$\frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a-b} = f'(c).$$ Hence $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (a - b) f'(c))$$ $$\frac{f(b + \lambda(a-b)) - f(b)}{\lambda(a-b)}...

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