Discussion Overview
The discussion revolves around the calculation of the energy level of the carbon nucleus, specifically the 7.65 MeV level, in the context of the triple alpha process. Participants explore the mass values of helium-4 and beryllium-8, their implications for energy calculations, and the effects of ionization at high temperatures.
Discussion Character
- Technical explanation
- Mathematical reasoning
- Debate/contested
Main Points Raised
- One participant calculates the mass of helium-4 and beryllium-8, concluding it results in a discrepancy with the expected 7.65 MeV level, prompting a request for clarification on the calculation.
- Another participant provides updated mass values for helium-4 and beryllium-8, yielding a different energy calculation of 7.4135 MeV before considering kinetic energy.
- A participant notes that at 100 MK, helium-4 must be considered fully ionized, suggesting the use of the mass of the alpha particle instead of the atomic mass including electrons.
- Another participant agrees that beryllium will also be fully ionized and discusses the neglect of electron binding energies in the calculations, arriving at a revised energy level of 7.37 MeV, though still not matching the expected value.
- One participant questions whether the mass of Carbon-12 would be less than 12 amu due to full ionization.
- A participant asserts that electrons are accounted for in their calculations and references a 1954 paper that identifies the energy level of the C-12 nucleus at approximately 7.68 MeV above ground level, which relates to the resonance strength in the context of the mass sum of beryllium-8 and the alpha particle.
Areas of Agreement / Disagreement
Participants express differing views on the correct mass values and the implications for energy calculations, with no consensus reached on the correct approach or final energy level. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing calculations and interpretations.
Contextual Notes
Participants highlight the importance of considering ionization effects and the inclusion of binding energies in their calculations, which may affect the outcomes. There are also references to specific historical papers that may influence the understanding of the energy levels discussed.