Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.The atoms of carbon can bond together in diverse ways, resulting in various allotropes of carbon. Well-known allotropes include graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon and fullerenes. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent. Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper (hence its name, from the Greek verb "γράφειν" which means "to write"), while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known. Graphite is a good electrical conductor while diamond has a low electrical conductivity. Under normal conditions, diamond, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have the highest thermal conductivities of all known materials. All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions, with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form at standard temperature and pressure. They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen.
The most common oxidation state of carbon in inorganic compounds is +4, while +2 is found in carbon monoxide and transition metal carbonyl complexes. The largest sources of inorganic carbon are limestones, dolomites and carbon dioxide, but significant quantities occur in organic deposits of coal, peat, oil, and methane clathrates. Carbon forms a vast number of compounds, more than any other element, with almost ten million compounds described to date, and yet that number is but a fraction of the number of theoretically possible compounds under standard conditions. For this reason, carbon has often been referred to as the "king of the elements".
I am wondering if the phase diagram of Carbon has been explored at very large electric fields.
Can one make any theoretical guesses ?
In specific I am interested in Pressure Vs Electric field and Electric field vs Temperature at fixed temperature and pressure respectively.
Carbon is considered volatile by planetary science, eg Moon lacks volatiles and thus lacks carbon. However volatiles are defined as "elements or substances with low boiling point", but Carbon boiling point is very high! Its sublimation point is 3900K, so it should be refractory and not volatile...
Hi All,
I understand carbon sequestration in the simplest sense is capturing and storing carbon.
As seen in the title, I'm going to split this into two sections.
i) How does it work?
I imagine that trees, in a sense are doing this. They take in the carbon from our atmosphere and is stored...
NASA is looking for a process to use CO2 as a Carbon source on Mars; ultimate goal is to use the Carbon in the synthesis of other products.
$50,000 prize.
Open to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and U.S. business entities, work must be done in the U.S...
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
C=C double bonds means that it is not an Alkane because an Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon. So the answer should be from A, B or C.
Hey there, my honours year thesis is on the design and analysis of a carbon fibre wheel for a Formula Student racecar. However, I am unable to obtain carbon fibre material properties to input into the Engineering Data section. I am required to specify the Youngs Modulus in the x, y and z...
Dear all
I want to loading about 14 ton of CMS (Carbon Molecular Sieve) into a PSA Nitrogen Producer tank.
The tank is 5 meter tall with 2 m in diameter.
What is the best, simplest and fastest method to load the pellet of CMS into that big tank?
I consider this mortar screw pump and connect...
A tree seed takes water and minerals(?) from the ground, carbon and oxygen(?) from the air, and heat and light(?) from the sun. When a tree dies and dries up, it can be used as firewood, a source of energy.
Is there a way to capture that energy without the seed-tree scenario? i.e., but can we...
Why is it that newer organic matter has more carbon-14 than older organic matter?
Isn't carbon constantly recycled, because of the carbon cycle? So C14-depleted carbon from old matter would enter the atmosphere, then be breathed in by new organic matter. The new matter would start off with...
This is a pretty self-explanatory question; I was wondering how safe carbon-11 is for human beings; is it extremely radioactive and harmful, or safe for the average Joe to handle with the right casing/equipment. Furthermore, is owning this isotope illegal/highly regulated, or can people easily...
I have an aerosol based 'oven, and chimney cleaning' product.
Here are the contents:
Aqua
Propylene Glycol
Butane
Ethanolamine
Cocamide DEA
Propane
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Xanthan Gum
Parfum
From the list, it appears that the only active ingredient is Sodium Hydroxide...
I am trying to create a conductive Silicon Carbide (SiC) heating element.
The US patent 650234 "Process of making carborundum articles", filed in 1899 states essentially that crushed SiC crystals can be be glued together (using diluted glue) then sintered. It states that the addition of 15-20%...
Hey there.
I am making Carbon pellets using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder to help shape the pellets. I would like to measure the pellet's conductivity without being hindered or influence by the conductivity of the PVA. One way to do it is to heat the pellets to 300 degrees and evaporate the PVA...
Hello,
I would like to know that why carbon is used in nano technology to build nano tubes and other? Is there any other metal which is used to construct the devices of nano technology?
Homework Statement
Brown coal, energy content 16 MJ/kg, carbon content 65% by weight, burning in a 30% efficient steam power plant.
Homework Equations
What is the emissions intensity (kg CO2 emitted/kWh delivered) ?
Compare this to Hazelwood which is 1.53 tCO2/Mwh
3. The Attempt at a Solution...
I performed column cromatography on an oil, and used carbon boiling chips but got some weird IR. I used hexanes and acetone as solvents, I am trying to figure out some of the spikes, soo I am thinking that maybe the boiling stone being carbon could acted as activated carbon and absorbed some...
I noticed that the Co2 is actually decreasing in the Eon time.
My guess is lush vegetations or forests began to grow which absorbed the Co2 by photosynthesis? Would anyone give me any clue?
I am trying to figure out the difference between a carbon sink and a carbon reservoir. The definition for a carbon sink from wikipedia is that “carbon sinkis a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. ” And the...
I am trying to figure out the difference between a carbon sink and a carbon reservoir. The definition for a carbon sink from wikipedia is that “carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period. ” And...
I'm tying to find any clue about the timescale of the biological pump. That the carbon is recycled to the surface ca. 1,000 years is clear but the timescale of the biological pump seems hard to find. There is an report I saw when I was surfing the internet saying that the timescale can range...
Hi there!
Is there an online, hopefully free resource (preferably textbook) that details the process of molecular modeling? Specifically, computationally performing geometry optimizations, vibrational analyses, calculating Raman spectra, detailing the theory behind Hartree-Fock, DFT, post-HF...
Hi, I was tasked to design a composite material that will undergo a 3 point bending test. Maximum deflection will be of 15mm and a maximum load of 5kN. The scope of this task is not to prevent failure but to analyse the composite and learn from the design process. Nonetheless the composite...