Hyperfine Interaction Splitting: How to Find F=0 and F=1 Splitting in Hydrogen?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the hyperfine interaction splitting in hydrogen, specifically the energy difference between the F=0 and F=1 states. The hyperfine Hamiltonian is defined as H_{hf} = \frac{A}{2} \left[ F(F+1) - I(I+1) - J(J+1) \right], leading to a calculated splitting of 1.42 MHz and 474.6 cm-1. The constant A is determined to be 3.21 x 10-22, while the nuclear magnetic moment is calculated as giμN = 3.65 x 10-23. The discussion highlights inconsistencies in the calculations, particularly regarding the factor of 10 discrepancies in the results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of hyperfine splitting in atomic physics
  • Familiarity with quantum numbers F, I, and J
  • Knowledge of the Hamiltonian operator in quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles of nuclear magnetic moments and their calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the hyperfine Hamiltonian in detail
  • Explore the implications of quantum numbers in atomic transitions
  • Learn about the methods for measuring nuclear magnetic moments
  • Investigate the significance of factors in energy calculations in quantum mechanics
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in atomic physics, particularly those studying hyperfine interactions and energy level transitions in hydrogen. This discussion is also beneficial for physicists working on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and related fields.

unscientific
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Homework Statement


(a)Find splitting between F=0 and F=1 in hydrogen
(b) Find the constant ##A## and nuclear magnetic moment
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Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



Hyperfine splitting is given by:

H_{hf} = \frac{A}{2} \left[ F(F+1) - I(I+1) - J(J+1) \right]

The intervals are given by:
\Delta E_{hf} = E_F - E_{F-1} = AF

Part(a)

Using ##G_I = 5.6##, ##I= \frac{1}{2}## for a single proton, ##n = 1, Z = 1## I get splittings as ## 1.42~ MHz## and ##474.6 ~cm^{-1}##. Could somebody verify this?Part (b)

For ##J = \frac{9}{2}##, it implies that ##I = \frac{1}{2}## for the energy levels to be split into 6 levels, ##F= I + J = 0,1,2,3,4,5##.

Using the interval rule, the energy intervals are ##A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A##.

Taking the maximum energy - minimum energy observed = energy spacing between F=0 and F=5.

15 A = 10^9 h (9568.19-2312.87)

This gives ##A = 3.21 \times 10^{-22}## and ##g_i \mu_N = 3.65 \times 10^{-23}##.

However, this means that ##g_I = 7200##. Is this reasonable?
 
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Your answers in (a) are inconsistent by a factor of 10, and both are wrong by some power of 10.
unscientific said:
Taking the maximum energy - minimum energy observed = energy spacing between F=0 and F=5.
I don't think that makes sense. Those photon energies are differences between states already, not the absolute energy of something.
Also, where does the factor of 109 come from?
 
mfb said:
Your answers in (a) are inconsistent by a factor of 10, and both are wrong by some power of 10.
I don't think that makes sense. Those photon energies are differences between states already, not the absolute energy of something.
Also, where does the factor of 109 come from?

I'm thinking consider a transition from the upper level to the F=5 level vs the transition from the upper level to the F=0 level. The difference in energy observed would be the spacing between F=0 and F=5 levels, which is 15A.
 

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