Hypothesis Testing: How to Recognize Ho & Ha

AI Thread Summary
Hypothesis testing involves two key hypotheses: the null hypothesis (Ho) and the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The null hypothesis represents a statement that there is no effect or no difference, which researchers aim to falsify through empirical observations. To determine which hypothesis is which, recognize that Ho is typically the status quo, while Ha suggests a change or effect. Falsifying Ho requires demonstrating that observed results are unlikely to occur by chance alone. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective hypothesis testing.
cmab
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I really don't understand hypothesis testing.

How do I recognize which one is Ho and Ha in a problem?
Is there a particular trick to facilitate my lfie?
 
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis#Evaluating_hypotheses

Null is the hypo. that you are attempting to falsify through your empirical observations. To falsify the null, you need to "prove" that your observations are not due to pure chance (or the probability with which they could be pure chance is low).
 

Thread 'Deductive proof in logic formal systems'

I was reading documentation about the soundness and completeness of logic formal systems. Consider the following $$\vdash_S \phi$$ where ##S## is the proof-system making part the formal system and ##\phi## is a wff (well formed formula) of the formal language. Note the blank on left of the turnstile symbol ##\vdash_S##, as far as I can tell it actually represents the empty set. So what does it mean ? I guess it actually means ##\phi## is a theorem of the formal system, i.e. there is a...
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