If entropy always increases, how can information be conserved?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between entropy and information conservation, highlighting that while entropy tends to increase in isolated systems, information can be conserved in certain contexts. The concept of measurement as an extraction of information that increases entropy is emphasized, illustrating that nature seeks to dissipate stored information. Key principles discussed include Landauer's principle, which states that erasure of information costs energy, while reversible operations do not increase entropy. The conversation suggests that understanding these principles is crucial for grasping the complex interplay between entropy and information.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics, specifically the second law of thermodynamics
  • Familiarity with information theory concepts, including uncertainty and information extraction
  • Knowledge of Landauer's principle and its implications for computation
  • Basic grasp of statistical mechanics and Maxwell's demon thought experiment
NEXT STEPS
  • Research Landauer's principle and its applications in computing
  • Explore the concept of reversible computing and its significance in thermodynamics
  • Study the implications of Maxwell's demon on entropy and information theory
  • Read "DECODING THE UNIVERSE" by Charles Seife for deeper insights into the relationship between information and the universe
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, computer scientists, and anyone interested in the foundational principles of thermodynamics and information theory.

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Many scientists believe information is conserved, but it seems that in an isolated system entropy isn't. These two things seem incompatible to me. Would anyone care to enlighten me about this? Thank you.
 
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The relationship between entropy and information is subtle and complex. And I'm still pretty sure nobody exactly understands entropy yet.

Suppose I give you a box of gas and ask you what you think the distribution of the gas is. A logical guess is equally dispersed, right? That would not be a surprising answer...it doesn't have a lot of information, yet entropy is at maximum.

Now let's put it in a really strong graviatational field: now the "most likely" least information state would be "clumpy", maybe like the universe...again entropy is maximum...so what you observe as "information" and "entropy" are related, but not always in an apparent way.

Measurement is an extraction of information from a particle that does not come for free...something about that information such as extracting or processing it increases the entropy of the universe. So information goes down and entropy goes up.
This example provides a little insight into what seems like a possible contradiction : Nature attempts to dissipate stored information just as it attempts to increase entropy; the ideas are two sides of the same coin.

But there are some very cionfusing aspects to this...such as the fact that only erasure, in a computer for example, costs energy...you can add bits or multiply bits, for example, or negate bits, without increasing energy/entropy. Check out Landauer's principle. Reversible operations don't increase entropy, reversible ones do. I'm not sure I REALLY understand that at all...I guess that's why it's a "principle".

In general, information as the answer to some question should reduce your uncertainty about which among possible answers is correct. But a source of a message should have HIGH uncertainty, otherwise you'll know what the message contains, say bits 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1...two sides of the same coin.

One way to gain some insights is to get a reference that discusses, say, dropping marbles in a box...say a pair that are identical, and separately some that are different...

A good book on all this is Charle's Seife's DECODING THE UNIVERSE.

This might be of interest:

Maxwells Demon: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell's_demon

(Had physicsts stumped for over 100 years)

and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_computing
 

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