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Physics
Atomic and Condensed Matter
In what cases (precisely) are Hund's rules valid?
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[QUOTE="crick, post: 6084362, member: 568971"] I can't find on any good source (such as a textbook) a precise specification about the cases when Hund's rules (especially Hund's third rule) for an electronic configuration of atom are valid (the rules help to select the lowest energy state of a configuration). As far as I understood: Hund’s rules only apply to the [B]lowest energy state[/B] of an electronic configuration, [B]for cases where there is only one incomplete subshel[/B]l. In fact if I consider the configuration ##1s^2 2s^2 2p^3## (nitrogen), Hund's (third) rule does not work for excited states with ##S=1/2## (I refer to NIST data here: [URL]https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook/Tables/nitrogentable5.htm[/URL]) That's because it is not the lowest energy state for that configuration, even if there is only one incomplete subshell. But also if I consider the configuration ##1s 2p## (excited helium) with ##S=1##, Hund's (third) rule does not work (I refer to NIST data here: [URL]https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook/Tables/heliumtable5.htm[/URL]) That's because, even if I consider the lowest energy state for that configuration (##1s 2p##) there are two incomplete subshell, so I don't even know how to use Hund third rule in cases like this one. So is my previous statement correct? Also, can you suggest any textbook/source that gives an answer to this? [/QUOTE]
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Physics
Atomic and Condensed Matter
In what cases (precisely) are Hund's rules valid?
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