Integral -- analytical way to prove this integral is non-negative?

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    Analytical Integral
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SUMMARY

The integral \(\int_{2.04}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}dx\) can be analyzed using integration by parts, yielding the expression \(\frac{\sin(2.04)}{2.04} - Ci(2.04)\), where \(Ci(x)\) is the cosine integral function. A geometric approach suggests that the positive areas of the integrand outweigh the negative areas as \(x\) increases. To establish that the integral is non-negative, one can evaluate the integral from \(2.04\) to \(2\pi\) numerically or demonstrate the existence of a lower Darboux sum that is strictly positive.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of improper integrals
  • Familiarity with integration by parts
  • Knowledge of the cosine integral function \(Ci(x)\)
  • Basic concepts of Darboux sums
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  • Evaluate the integral \(\int_{2.04}^{2\pi} \frac{\sin x}{x^2}\,dx\) numerically
  • Study the properties and applications of the cosine integral function \(Ci(x)\)
  • Learn about Darboux sums and their role in proving integral properties
  • Explore advanced techniques in improper integrals and convergence tests
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Mathematicians, calculus students, and anyone interested in the analysis of improper integrals and their properties.

Mark_M
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Is there any analytical way to prove that the integral \int_{2.04}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}dx is nonegative?

I tryed to use geometrical approach, i.e. the graph of the integrand look like:


The magnitude became smaller and smaller, since \sin x is multiplied by the decreasing function $1/x^2$, so the third area, which is positive, is bigger then the forth one, which is negative, and so on. BUT I don't know what to do with the first two areas(


OR integration by parts gave me
\int_{2.04}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}dx=\frac{\sin(2.04)}{2.04}-Ci(2.04), where Ci(x) is the cosine integral function.
 

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Mark_M said:
Is there any analytical way to prove that the integral \int_{2.04}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}dx is nonegative?

I tryed to use geometrical approach, i.e. the graph of the integrand look like:


The magnitude became smaller and smaller, since \sin x is multiplied by the decreasing function $1/x^2$, so the third area, which is positive, is bigger then the forth one, which is negative, and so on. BUT I don't know what to do with the first two areas(


OR integration by parts gave me
\int_{2.04}^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}dx=\frac{\sin(2.04)}{2.04}-Ci(2.04), where Ci(x) is the cosine integral function.

So all you need to know is whether or not \int_{2.04}^{2\pi} \frac{\sin x}{x^2}\,dx \geq 0. Evaluate it numerically.

If that doesn't satisfy your "analytic way" criterion, then you can instead show that there exists a lower Darboux sum which is strictly positive. It then follows that the integral is strictly positive.
 

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