Inverse square law and infinite intensity

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion centers around the limitations of the inverse square law in physics, particularly regarding sound intensity and electromagnetic radiation. It highlights that while sound intensity decreases with distance as 1/r², approaching a point source theoretically leads to infinite intensity, which does not occur in reality. The conversation shifts to electromagnetic radiation and Coulomb's law, revealing that quantum effects, such as vacuum polarization, prevent infinite forces at very short distances. Ultimately, the inverse square law is not strictly applicable at quantum scales due to these effects.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the inverse square law in physics
  • Basic knowledge of sound intensity and its measurement
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic radiation principles
  • Concepts of quantum mechanics, particularly vacuum polarization
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of vacuum polarization in quantum field theory
  • Study the limitations of classical physics in explaining quantum phenomena
  • Explore the relationship between distance and force in Coulomb's law
  • Investigate real-world applications of the inverse square law in various fields
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, students of physics, and anyone interested in the intersection of classical and quantum mechanics, particularly in understanding the limitations of traditional laws in modern physics.

fluidistic
Gold Member
Messages
3,932
Reaction score
283
This is weird, I have no clue on how to solve the following question that I "invented" while walking in the street due to car sounds.
I know that the intensity of sound -let's say the source of sound is a dot/point- decreases as 1/r² do. If I'm at a distance 1 m, I can hear 4 times "stronger" than if I'm at 2 m from the source. Now if I approach the point source I'll be getting an extremely loud sound and if I eventually reach the point-like source, I'd get an infinitely loud sound. I know this doesn't happen in reality so I went wrong somewhere.
Where did I go wrong?! I really can't see!
Edit: I know I should reach a finite value, say I_0. But as r tends to 0, I(r) seems to tend to \infty.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
The issue is that a point source doesn't generate sound, only an object of finite size, and the size of the object and how much it's moving limits how close you can get to the object.
 
rcgldr said:
The issue is that a point source doesn't generate sound, only an object of finite size, and the size of the object and how much it's moving limits how close you can get to the object.

Thanks for the reply.
What about if we replace the word sound by EM radiation?
If we look at http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/isq.html, we make the sphere radius tend to 0, we get huge values for I. Even if r is a very little larger than 0, we still get a HUGE value for I. I'd have thought we'd reach a limiting value, say I_0.
 
The closest real world example of this would be an electron and positron approaching each other and annihilating (converted into energy). I don't know how close they get to each other before the transition from matter to energy takes place.
 
This is actually a profound question. To avoid the complexities of sound being a pressure wave, let's instead look at the electrostatic fields of a point charge (Coulumb's law). The force of one electron on another electron depends on the inverse of the square of the distance between them. So if we were strong enough to push two electrons right on top of each other, there would be an infinite force. But infinities cannot exist in real life, so where did we go wrong?

It turns out that the inverse square law itself is not exactly right. When you get close enough to something, weird quantum effects take over which cause the force to actually not reach infinity, but taper off. In this case, the electrostatic force at very short range gets screened by the vacuum polarization, which is caused by constant electron-positron pair production/annihilation in vacuum allowed by the uncertainty principle. In summary:

Short answer: Weird quantum effects take over for very small distances so that inverse square laws no longer apply exactly.

Long answer: Read up on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization"
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Thanks for the information.
So basically we can't deal with this question with classical physics? :/
I'm going to bed now, will think about this question...
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 33 ·
2
Replies
33
Views
3K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
3K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
4K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
1K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
2K
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 18 ·
Replies
18
Views
8K