Investigating a Possible Derivation Error in f(R) Gravity Field Equation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around a potential derivation error in the field equations for f(R) gravity as presented in a specific paper. Participants analyze the implications of using a spherically symmetric and static metric, focusing on the mathematical formulation and the resulting equations derived from it. The scope includes theoretical aspects of gravity, mathematical reasoning, and computational implementation using Mathematica.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the authors of the paper may have incorrectly rewritten the field equation, leading to discrepancies when implementing it in Mathematica.
  • Another participant questions the clarity of the paper's derivation process, particularly regarding the notation and the components of the equations.
  • Concerns are raised about the reliability of the paper due to its lack of peer review.
  • Participants discuss the necessity of differentiating the function f and the implications of using R versus r in their calculations, noting significant differences in complexity of the resulting equations.
  • There is a debate about whether the authors are correctly computing the Ricci tensor and writing down the field equation components, with some suggesting that additional differentiation is required.
  • One participant presents their own derived expression for the Ricci scalar, indicating a potential mismatch with the paper's findings.
  • Clarifications are made regarding the notation used in the equations, particularly concerning the derivatives and their dependencies.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the correctness of the paper's derivation and the implications of their findings. There is no consensus on whether the authors made a mistake or if the discrepancies arise from the participants' implementations.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the paper has not been peer-reviewed, which raises questions about its reliability. There are also discussions about the complexity of the equations derived and the potential for errors in the Mathematica implementation.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to researchers and students working on f(R) gravity, those involved in mathematical physics, and individuals using computational tools for theoretical physics problems.

Dazed&Confused
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In this paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0603302) the authors derive the field equations for f(R) gravity considering a spherically symmetric and static metric. Now the Ricci scalar only depends on r so you could write f(R(r)) = g(r) for some g. However what it seems the authors have done is in the field equation <br /> f&#039;(R) R_{\mu \nu} - \tfrac12 f(R) g_{\mu \nu} + g_{\mu \nu} \Box f&#039;(R) - \nabla_\mu \nabla_\nu f&#039;(R) = 0<br />
is rewrite it as <br /> g&#039;(r) R_{\mu \nu} - \tfrac12 g(r) g_{\mu \nu} + g_{\mu \nu} \Box g&#039;(r) - \nabla_\mu \nabla_\nu g&#039;(r) = 0<br />
rather than <br /> <br /> \frac{g&#039;(r)}{R&#039;(r)}R_{\mu \nu} - \tfrac12 g(r) g_{\mu \nu} + g_{\mu \nu} \Box \left (\frac{g&#039;(r)}{R&#039;(r)} \right) - \nabla_\mu \nabla_\nu \left (\frac{g&#039;(r)}{R&#039;(r)} \right) = 0.<br />

The reason I say this is that when implementing this into Mathematica I first attempted in a field equation function to use an arbitrary f and the Ricci scalar you calculate from the metric as R. This results in equations that were very different and far more complicated, involving fourth derivatives of B(r) which you would expect as the Ricci scalar has second derivatives and the field equations have second derivatives.

On the other hand replacing R with r resulted in equations very similar to their ones (off by signs). The contracted equation was identical. Now I may have made a mistake in the Mathematica notebook (although I did check against a known solution), but it seems too coincidental. At best I think my method wouldn't change fundamentally.

I do not see how it is possible they could make a mistake like this, but I also don't see where I could be wrong so I would appreciate any help.
 
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Dazed&Confused said:
what it seems the authors have done

I don't see what you are describing anywhere in the paper. Can you be more specific about which equations in the paper you are asking about?
 
PeterDonis said:
I don't see what you are describing anywhere in the paper. Can you be more specific about which equations in the paper you are asking about?

So to obtain equations 4 and 7 (or something close to them) on Mathematica I had to use use the second form of the equation I gave. Now, this could be because I implemented it incorrectly on Mathematica, however when I used R and not r my equations were far more complicated as I said, so I'm not sure how a change in the code could result in such a huge difference. And as I have said I have checked it. I'm pretty sure that the calculation of the Ricci tensor, scalar, the Christoffel symbols and so on is correct as I have tested this with the Schwartzchild solution. Therefore it is only likely to be in the field equation (which I have looked over many times).
 
Dazed&Confused said:
equations 4 and 7

The paper's description of how these equations are derived looks sloppy to me, so I'm not sure how to duplicate it. It says equation 4 is a "combination" of two Ricci tensor components, but it's not clear whether it means the two corresponding components of the field equation, which is what would be correct. Similar remarks apply to equation 5. It says equation 6 is the ##rr## component of the field equation, i.e., of equation 2, but that component was already used in equation 4 so it's not clear what additional information equation 6 is supposed to contain. Equation 7 is just the contraction of equation 2, which should be straightforward, but the notation is unclear to me, in particular the primes--are they derivatives with respect to ##r##, with respect to ##R##, or something else?

This paper does not appear to have been peer-reviewed, so I'm not sure how reliable it is in any case.
 
PeterDonis said:
The paper's description of how these equations are derived looks sloppy to me, so I'm not sure how to duplicate it. It says equation 4 is a "combination" of two Ricci tensor components, but it's not clear whether it means the two corresponding components of the field equation, which is what would be correct. Similar remarks apply to equation 5. It says equation 6 is the ##rr## component of the field equation, i.e., of equation 2, but that component was already used in equation 4 so it's not clear what additional information equation 6 is supposed to contain. Equation 7 is just the contraction of equation 2, which should be straightforward, but the notation is unclear to me, in particular the primes--are they derivatives with respect to ##r##, with respect to ##R##, or something else?

This paper does not appear to have been peer-reviewed, so I'm not sure how reliable it is in any case.

I am able to obtain the contraction. Considering how many terms there are I really do not believe any of this is a coincidence. 4 and 5 are the same except a few terms have the wrong sign. I think equation 6 had an extra term for me.

Now the Ricci scalar I got was <br /> \frac{A&#039;(r) B&#039;(r)}{2 A(r)^2 B(r)}+\frac{2 A&#039;(r)}{r A(r)^2}-\frac{B&#039;&#039;(r)}{A(r)<br /> B(r)}+\frac{B&#039;(r)^2}{2 A(r) B(r)^2}-\frac{2 B&#039;(r)}{r A(r) B(r)}-\frac{2}{r^2 A(r)}+\frac{2}{r^2}<br />

so I think that differentiating f of this twice with product and chain rules should give many more terms than they find.
 
Dazed&Confused said:
the Ricci scalar I got was

Where are the ##e^{- \lambda(r)}## factors coming from?
 
PeterDonis said:
Where are the ##e^{- \lambda(r)}## factors coming from?
Sorry I used the code for something else and forgot to change the way the metric was written. I have corrected it.
 
Dazed&Confused said:
differentiating ##f## of this twice

I don't think the paper is doing this. I think it is just computing the Ricci tensor and writing down field equation components (plus contraction, which doesn't involve taking any extra derivatives).
 
PeterDonis said:
I don't think the paper is doing this. I think it is just computing the Ricci tensor and writing down field equation components (plus contraction, which doesn't involve taking any extra derivatives).

But don't you have to do this in the right hand side of their equation 2? And their components had f&#039;&#039;&#039; and f&#039;&#039; terms; wouldn't they have to come from this differentiation?
 
  • #10
Dazed&Confused said:
don't you have to do this in the right hand side of their equation 2?

Not to just write down its components or to contract it, no. Those are the only things that the paper appears to be doing. (But see below.)

Dazed&Confused said:
their components had ##f'''## and ##f''## terms

Do you mean the ##h'## and ##h''## terms? I think those come from contracting the ##h_{; \mu \nu}## term (and from the ##h_{; \lambda}{}^{\lambda}## term, which is already contracted), and then noting that everything is a function of ##r## only, so the only component of the contraction that will be nonzero is ##h_{; r}{}^{r}##. (Note that I'm not entirely sure this reasoning is correct; the only nonzero partial derivatives will be with respect to ##r##, but that in itself does not guarantee that the only nonzero covariant derivatives will be with respect to ##r##; the latter will depend on which connection coefficients are nonzero.) In other words, it's just using the differentiation that already appears in the field equation (2), not putting in any additional differentiation. (It's possible that this is what you meant by "don't you have to do this..." in the first quote above.)
 
  • #11
I don't think I understand what you mean. So the contracted equation is <br /> f&#039;(R) R - 2 f(R) +3 \Box f&#039;(R)= 0<br />
which when using f(r) not f(R) in my code I get their equation 7.

I mean to write the components don't you need to do \nabla_\mu \nabla_r f&#039;(R) = \nabla_\mu ( f&#039;&#039;(R) \partial_r R ) and so on? So what I think they have done is written this as \nabla_\mu \partial_r f&#039;(r) (ignoring non r partial derivatives).
 
  • #12
I don't have time to check the details of the math. The best I can say is, as I said before, this paper does not appear to be peer-reviewed so I don't know how reliable it is.
 
  • #13
Thank you for your help. I've found similar papers and although I don't know if the authors in this paper did this (my equations still don't completely match), there are ways to get the method to work. If you use
<br /> f&#039;(R) R - 2 f(R) +3 \Box f&#039;(R)= 0<br />
to replace the f(R) term with so that all the fs are differentiated, then you can properly consider it a function of r and everything works out.
 

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