Is dextrose an isotonic or hypotonic solution?

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In summary, dextrose solutions have different tonicity levels when outside and inside the body. Outside the body, 5% dextrose is isotonic, 10% dextrose is hypertonic, and a combination of 5% dextrose and normal saline is also hypertonic. However, once inside the body, all dextrose is metabolized, making the solutions hypotonic. So, if asked about the tonicity of a solution like (5% dextrose + normal saline), it would be considered hypertonic outside the body but hypotonic inside.
  • #1
sameeralord
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Hello everyone,

1. I know 5% dextrose is isotonic outside body
2. Also 10% dextrose is hypertonic outside body
3. Also (5% dextrose + Normal saline) is also hypertonic

However if we consider that once inside the body all dextrose gets metabolised by body, leaving only water.
Then once inside the body these become

1.Hypotonic
2.Hypotonic
3. Isotonic

Respectively.

Then if a question comes about the tonicity of these solutions. Which one should I pick for example (5% dextrose + Normal saline) , I choose hypertonic or isotonic for that one.

Thanks :smile:
 
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  • #2
It would probably take a relatively long time for the glucose to be metabolized enough to change is concentration significantly.
 

1. Is dextrose an isotonic or hypotonic solution?

Dextrose can be both isotonic and hypotonic, depending on its concentration. At a concentration of 5%, it is considered isotonic and will have the same osmolarity as our body fluids. At higher concentrations, it can become hypotonic and have a lower osmolarity than our body fluids.

2. How does dextrose affect the osmolarity of a solution?

Dextrose, also known as glucose, is a small molecule that can easily dissolve in water. When it is added to a solution, it increases the number of particles in the solution and therefore increases its osmolarity. The higher the concentration of dextrose, the higher the osmolarity of the solution will be.

3. What are the potential uses of a dextrose solution?

A dextrose solution can be used for various purposes, including replenishing fluids and electrolytes in dehydrated patients, correcting low blood sugar levels in diabetic patients, and providing a source of energy for patients who cannot eat or drink normally. It can also be used as a diluent for medications and as a source of energy for athletes during endurance activities.

4. What are the risks of using a dextrose solution?

The risks of using a dextrose solution include potential side effects such as allergic reactions, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances. It can also increase blood sugar levels in diabetic patients and should be used with caution in patients with kidney or liver disease.

5. How is the osmolarity of a dextrose solution calculated?

The osmolarity of a dextrose solution can be calculated by multiplying the concentration of dextrose (in g/L) by the number of particles it dissociates into (2 for dextrose) and then dividing by the volume of the solution (in L). For example, a 5% dextrose solution would have an osmolarity of 0.9 osmol/L (0.05 g/L x 2 particles / 0.5 L = 0.9 osmol/L).

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