Why not do a partial integration?
x/sqrt[x^2+1] * x^2 dx
You can integrate x/sqrt[x^2+1] this is proportional to
sqrt[x^2+1]
So, if you do a partial integration, you'll have to deal with the integral:
x sqrt[x^2+1]
where the x comes from the derivative of x^2. But this is then proportional to (x^2+1)^(3/2).