Is the Direct Sum Complement Unique?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the uniqueness of direct sum complements in finite-dimensional vector spaces, specifically whether two subspaces that yield the same direct sum with a third subspace must be equal. The scope includes theoretical considerations and proofs related to vector spaces and inner-product spaces.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant conjectures that if ##V = W_{1} \bigoplus W## and ##V = W_{2} \bigoplus W##, then it must follow that ##W_{1} = W_{2}##.
  • Another participant questions the evaluation of the direct sum by providing a counterexample in ##\mathbb{R}^2##, suggesting that different subspaces can yield the same direct sum.
  • A third participant states that in the category of vector spaces, the conjecture is false, while in the category of inner-product spaces, it is true if the subspaces are orthogonal.
  • The original poster expresses confusion about their proof and seeks guidance on proving the uniqueness of orthogonal complements.
  • Another participant suggests a method to prove the uniqueness of orthogonal complements by constructing a new subspace and applying the dimension theorem.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the uniqueness of direct sum complements, with differing views based on the context of vector spaces versus inner-product spaces. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the original conjecture.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the assumptions made about the nature of the vector spaces and the conditions under which the direct sums are evaluated. The discussion also highlights the dependence on whether the spaces are inner-product spaces or general vector spaces.

Bipolarity
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I'm curious about whether a statement I conjecture about direct sums is true.
Suppose that ##V## is a finite-dimensional vector space and ##W##,##W_{1}##,##W_{2}## are subspaces of ##V##. Let ## V = W_{1} \bigoplus W ## and ## V = W_{2} \bigoplus W ##.

Then is it the case that ## W_{1} = W_{2} ##?

I merely need to know whether this is true or not so that I can know which direction to steer my proof. I am guessing it is true, but am having trouble proving it, and that is giving me doubts as to whether or not it is true.

All help is appreciated! Thanks!

BiP
 
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I am not sure how your direct sum is evaluated. What about this?
V=R2
W={(x,0)}, W1={(x,x)}, W2={(x,-x)}
 
In the category of vector spaces: no, as mfb showed.
In the category of inner-product spaces: yes. In this case, we say [itex]V=W_i\oplus W[/itex] if [itex]V=W_i+W[/itex] and [itex]W_i, W[/itex] are orthogonal.
 
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Thanks a lot guys! No wonder my proof has not been working out!
How might I prove that orthogonal complements are unique?

BiP
 
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Suppose [itex]V=W_1+ W[/itex] and [itex]W_1 \perp W[/itex]. Let [itex]W_2 = \{v\in V: \enspace v\perp W\}[/itex].

By construction, [itex]W_2 \supseteq W_1[/itex]. Try to show that [itex]W_1, W_2[/itex] have the same (finite) dimension... hint: dimension theorem. Then use that no finite-dimensional vector space has a proper subspace of the same dimension.
 

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