Is the speed of light a constant

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the nature of the speed of light, specifically whether it is a constant or can be altered in different media. Participants explore the implications of light's speed in a vacuum versus in various materials, touching on theoretical and conceptual aspects of light propagation.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant at approximately 3x10^8 m/s, while it can be slower in different media.
  • Others argue that while light may appear to travel slower in a medium, individual photons always move at the speed of light in a vacuum, and the perceived slowing is due to interactions with the medium.
  • A participant mentions a historical claim by a physicist regarding the possibility of slowing light to create a time machine, which was later dismissed.
  • There is a discussion about the distinction between group velocity and phase velocity, with some noting that group velocity can be less than or greater than c.
  • Some participants express confusion over terms like "lightpulse" and the implications of photon interactions with electrons in a medium.
  • Several participants emphasize that massless particles like photons cannot travel at any speed other than c in a vacuum, while acknowledging that their average speed in a medium can be less due to interactions.
  • One participant references a FAQ that discusses the speed of light and its behavior in different contexts, suggesting that there is existing material on the topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the nature of light's speed in different media, with multiple competing views presented regarding the behavior of individual photons versus the group velocity of light pulses.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes various assumptions about the nature of light, the definitions of speed in different contexts, and the complexities of photon interactions that remain unresolved.

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  • #32
Infact what count is "signal velocity" which however is not always very easy to define.
 
  • #33
lightarrow said:
Infact what count is "signal velocity" which however is not always very easy to define.

Yes.

In a medium with normal dispersion and n > 1, most of the energy propagates at a speed equal to the group velocity (less than c), but there is an initial small signal, called a precursor, that propagates almost at c. So, if one has sensitive detectors, signal velocity in any medium is very close to c. Sommerfeld was one of the first people to work this out, and I first learned about this in Jackson.
 

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