Is the Speed of Light Bidirectional in an Expanding Universe?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the bidirectionality of the speed of light in the context of an expanding universe, particularly focusing on the implications for the Voyager spacecraft's communication with Earth. Participants explore the concept of nonlocal speed of light, the effects of gravitational fields, and the relevance of the Doppler effect in these measurements.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that the average nonlocal speed of light is the same for travel to and from the Sun, questioning why it would differ.
  • Others argue that the speed of light may change due to energy loss or gain as it moves through the Sun's gravitational field, suggesting a relationship with escape velocity.
  • A participant highlights the complexity of calculating nonlocal speed, emphasizing the need for a simultaneity convention to relate times at different locations in curved spacetime.
  • It is noted that while coordinate speeds can be manipulated through arbitrary choices, certain invariants like round-trip time and redshift/blueshift are unaffected by these choices.
  • Concerns are raised about how the Doppler effect influences measurements of the Voyagers' speed relative to Earth, with some asserting that it does not change the speed of light itself but indicates energy changes during travel.
  • One participant discusses the implications of Hubble expansion on light from distant cosmic objects, suggesting that light emitted from beyond 14 billion light years cannot reach Earth, while also noting that earlier emissions can still be observed.
  • Another participant questions the relevance of cosmological expansion to the nearby Voyager probes, arguing that such effects are negligible at their distance.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of gravitational effects and the Doppler effect on the speed of light and measurements related to the Voyagers. There is no consensus on whether the speed of light is bidirectional in an expanding universe, and the discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

The discussion involves complex concepts such as simultaneity conventions, coordinate speeds, and the effects of gravitational fields, which may depend on specific assumptions or definitions that are not fully articulated by participants.

  • #31
Tracer said:
f gravitational fields are -conservative

They aren't in an expanding universe. More precisely, in an expanding universe, the concept of "gravitational field" is not well-defined.
 
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  • #32
PeterDonis said:
They aren't in an expanding universe. More precisely, in an expanding universe, the concept of "gravitational field" is not well-defined.

Thank you. Your comments have been noted.
 

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