Is this normalised eigenvector undefined?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the normalization of eigenvectors derived from a 2x2 matrix with complex entries. The original poster has identified the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors and is now focused on normalizing these eigenvectors.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to normalize the eigenvectors but encounters an issue with division by zero. Participants discuss the correct method for calculating the magnitude of complex vectors and the normalization process.

Discussion Status

Participants have provided guidance on the normalization of complex eigenvectors, clarifying the need to use the dot product with complex conjugates. There is an ongoing exploration of the properties of the eigenvectors in relation to the Hermitian nature of the original matrix.

Contextual Notes

The original poster is working under the constraints of homework rules, which include verifying properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for Hermitian matrices. There is a specific focus on ensuring that the eigenvectors are orthogonal.

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Homework Statement



I've started off with a 2x2 matrix of

(0) (i)
(-i) (0)

and I found the eigenvalues to be +1, -1

Then I found the resulting 2x1 eigenvectors to be

(-i)
(1)

and

(1)
(-i)

I now need the normalised eigenvectors.


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



I'm getting

{1/[sqrt(0)]} x eigenvector1
{1/[sqrt(0)]} x eigenvector2

Does this mean the normalised eigenvectors in this case are undefined?
 
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You need to take the dot product with the complex conjugate of the vector if it's over a complex field.

[itex]|a| = \sqrt{a*\ .\ a}[/itex]
 
Thank you.

Do you mean then that the normalised eigenvectors would be

[1/(sqrt(a* . a))] x eigenvector1

and

[1/(sqrt(a* . a))] x eigenvector2
 
yes, if a is the eigenvector in question.
This still holds if the eigenvectors are all real, the magnitude of a real vector a is still [itex]\sqrt{a*\ .\ a}[/itex] but since a is real a*=a and we get the familiar [itex]\sqrt{a\ .\ a}[/itex]
 
I'm getting values for the normalised eigenvectors of

{1/[sqrt(2)]} x eigenvector1
{1/[sqrt(2)]} x eigenvector2

What do you think?
 
That is correct!
 
Great!

I noticed there, with the two 2x1 eigenvectors which I in my first post being

(-i)
(1)

and

(1)
(-i)

For the number that's going to be under the radical, in this case we discovered it to be 2, can I simply take the [magnitude of (1)]^2 + the [magnitude of (-i)]^2 which equals 1+1=2 rather than take the dot product? Or am I effectively taking the dot product by doing this?
 
Yes, [itex](a+ bi)(a- bi)= a^2+ b^2[/itex].
 
You are taking the dot product when you do this, yes :p
 
  • #10
That's great guys! Thanks very much for your help. It's much appreciated!
 
  • #11
The final part of this question states that the original matrix is Hermitian, and that I should check that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors have the required properties for those of a Hermitian matrix.

The eigenvalues are both real, so that is satisfied.

Therefore for the eigenvectors to satisfy the required properties of a Hermitian matrix, (eigenvector1)^T x eigenvector2 = (eigenvector2)^T x eigenvector1 = 0

^T indicates Transpose

When I do this I'm getting -2i for both. So they are both equal to each other. Though 2i is not = 0 i.e. a null vector
 
  • #12
Remember that when you take the dot product of two complex vectors you need to take the complex conjugate of one of them.
You'll find that [itex]e_1*.e_2 = e_2*.e_1 = 0[/itex], where e1 and e2 are the two eigen vectors and * is complex conjugation.
 
  • #13
That's great. Thanks very much again genericusrnme!
 
  • #14
No problem buddy :biggrin:
 

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