Is this series conditionally convergent?

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SUMMARY

The series \(\sum\limits_{k=17}^\infty (-1)^{k}(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5})\) is conditionally convergent. The limit of the terms approaches zero, and applying d'Alembert's ratio test yields a limit of 1, indicating that absolute convergence cannot be determined. However, by applying Leibniz's principle, it is established that the series converges conditionally as the terms are decreasing and approach zero.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of series convergence tests, specifically d'Alembert's ratio test.
  • Familiarity with Leibniz's principle for alternating series.
  • Knowledge of limits and their properties in calculus.
  • Ability to manipulate square root expressions in limits.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of d'Alembert's ratio test in greater detail.
  • Explore the conditions for convergence of alternating series using Leibniz's principle.
  • Learn about absolute vs. conditional convergence in series.
  • Investigate other convergence tests such as the integral test and comparison test.
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Students and educators in calculus, particularly those focusing on series convergence, as well as mathematicians interested in advanced series analysis.

nuuskur
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Homework Statement


Consider the series: \sum\limits_{k=17}^\infty (-1)^{k}(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5})

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


First, I will attempt to determine whether it is absolutely convergent:
\lim\limits_{k\to\infty} \left(\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}\right) = 0
Since the limit is 0 I can continue by applying the d'Alembert's ratio test:
\lim\limits_{k\to\infty} \frac{\sqrt{k-2}-\sqrt{k-4}}{\sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}} = 1
If the ratio is 1, we don't know whether it converges or diverges. If the limit of the ratio test is 1, how do we proceed?
According to Leibniz's principle: if a_k \geq a_{k+1}, \forall k\in [17,\infty), \lim\limits_{k} a_k = 0 , then the series \sum (-1)^{k}a_k converges.
Is a_k \geq a_{k+1}?Let's try k=17: \sqrt{14} - \sqrt{12} \geq \sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13}? Yes, it is. Would I have to show via induction that this is always true? (should be quite obvious, why, though).
What happens with the ratio test, then? It didn't pass, can we conclude the series is absolutely convergent?
 
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Okay, this series is not absolutely convergent, but it is conditionally convergent (the summands' values are decreasing).
 
nuuskur said:
Okay, this series is not absolutely convergent, but it is conditionally convergent (the summands' values are decreasing).

This is not quite enough; you also need to show that the magnitude of the kth term ##a_k = \sqrt{k-3}-\sqrt{k-5}## goes to 0 in the limit ##k \to \infty##.
 

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