Kroger Vinky Notation for TiO2 in Reducing Atmospheres

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Kroger Vinky notation is used to describe point defects in solids, particularly in oxides like TiO2. When TiO2 is exposed to reducing atmospheres, Ti4+ ions can be reduced to Ti3+ ions, creating vacancies due to the loss of charge balance. The Kroger Vinky notation for this process includes the representation of Ti3+ ions and the associated oxygen vacancies. Understanding how the reduction affects the overall charge and structure of the oxide is crucial for accurately applying the notation. This discussion highlights the need for clarity in applying Kroger Vinky notation in materials science education.
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Hello, guys.

I am taking 200 level MSE course now. The one of the topic was the Kroger Vinky notation which my textbook doesn't have any examples. The professor explained it with 3 ppt slides shortly. Then he gave us a HW.

Q) If TiO2 is exposed to reducing atmospheres at elevated temp. some of the Ti4+ ions will become Ti3+ ions, Provide the Kroger Vinky notation.


There should be a vacancy since the Ti earns 1e-, right? Then what should I do next?

Please help me out.
 
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ger%E2%80%93Vink_notation" :smile: What happens when an oxide is reduced? Does an atom join or leave the solid?
 
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