Laser Cutting Machines: What Cuts Steel?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mechanisms by which laser cutting machines operate, specifically in cutting steel. Participants explore the nature of the laser beam, the role of gas in the process, and the effects of cutting on the material.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Exploratory

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the specifics of what cuts the steel, questioning whether it is solely the laser beam or if other factors are involved.
  • Another participant asserts that the cutting is indeed done by the laser beam, which is a high power gas laser, and explains the necessity of a pure gas atmosphere to maintain high power output.
  • It is noted that the gas tubes observed may be for replacing lasing gas or for assist gas, which helps in removing molten material and preventing oxidation.
  • A participant expresses amazement at the efficiency of the laser cutting process, highlighting its precision and minimal burning of materials like wood.
  • Another participant describes the cutting process as melting or vaporizing the material, mentioning the presence of a heat affected zone around the cut.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that the laser beam is responsible for cutting the material, but there are varying details regarding the role of gas and the specifics of the cutting process. No consensus is reached on all aspects of the discussion.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the types of lasers and gases used are not fully explored, and the discussion does not resolve the complexities of the cutting process or the implications of the heat affected zone.

Dav333
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Just curious after watching some lasers cutting 5mm thick steel sheets very fast, what is exactly cutting the steel?

Is it just a laser beam? Light only? The machines run on bottles of gas, so if not, what exactly is the beam made of?

thanks
 
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Yes, the material is cut using the laser beam. Light only. The used lasers are high power gas lasers. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutting

To keep up the high power output you need a rather pure gas atmosphere. Sadly you can't just seal the resonator tube and let it be, because the laser beam starts reactions disassociating the gas molecules and leading to impurities. Depending on the machine design, this lasing gas is either continually replaced or replaced after a certain period of time.

The gas tubes you have seen are likely either used for that purpose or for assist gas. The assist gas is blown on the sheet to remove molten material and speed up the production. Nitrogen is the most common assist gas out there, as it also inhibits oxidization along the edges.
 
thanks. further reading: :on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output with the gas:, understand more now.

amazing the end result is just light that cuts so fast & so precise. Even cut wood & hardly burned it. The nozzles are super high heat resistance.
 
The light beam melts/vapourises the material and that's what does the cutting, like any heat cutting system it'll leave a heat affected zone around the cut.
 

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