Magnetic Field of a Bar Magnet

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on calculating the magnetic field (B) of a stationary bar magnet in the context of a simulation involving a moving electron. The Lorentz force law, F = q(E + v × B), is applied, with E set to zero. The magnetic scalar potential is introduced as a method to determine B, leveraging the concept that a bar magnet can be treated as many tiny current loops. The magnetic scalar potential is calculated using the formula dV_m = (m dA) / (4πr), where m is the magnetic density and dA is a surface element.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Lorentz force law
  • Familiarity with magnetic scalar potential
  • Knowledge of magnetic density and its implications
  • Basic principles of electromagnetism
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  • Study the application of the Biot-Savart law in different contexts
  • Explore the concept of magnetic scalar potential in depth
  • Learn about the implications of magnetic density in electromagnetics
  • Investigate numerical methods for simulating magnetic fields
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on electromagnetism, as well as developers creating simulations related to magnetic fields and forces.

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So I'm making a simulation to help me understand electromagnetics.
Basically I have a stationary bar magnet, along with a moving electron.
Each frame the electron has a force applied to it via the Lorentz force law, F = q(E+v cross B).
Now E = 0, but how do I calculate B?

The Biot-Savart law relates to currents, but a bar magnet doesn't have any current.

Cheers
 
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A bar magnet is like many tiny current loops. However the treatment is actually easier if you use the magnetic scalar potential (which works as long as the electron doesn't go through the current loop).

For a bar magnet with a constant magnetization parallel to the magnet you can calculate the magnetic scalar potential by assuming that there is a constant magnetic density m spread over both the pole surfaces. Each magnetic density bit contributes
[tex]\mathrm{d}V_m=\frac{m\mathrm{d}A}{4\pi r}[/tex]
(where dA is a surface element) to the scalar magnetic potential. The magnetic field from this potential - once you have summed over both pole surfaces - is
[tex]\vec{H}=\frac{\vec{B}}{\mu_0\mu_r}=-\nabla V_m[/tex]
 
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