A Master's degree is not always required before pursuing a PhD, as some programs allow direct entry into PhD programs for exceptional students. Many graduate programs, particularly in pure sciences, have eliminated the Master's as a prerequisite, while others may offer it as a fallback for those who struggle in their PhD studies. Students often benefit from starting in a Master's program before transitioning to a PhD, allowing them to explore their interests and research environments. In the U.S., PhD candidates typically receive funding through teaching or research assistantships, and they may also apply for fellowships once they reach candidacy. Overall, the pathway to a PhD can vary significantly based on the field and institution.