Matrix of eigenvectors, relation to rotation matrix

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The discussion centers on the matrix B and its eigenvalues and eigenvectors, specifically how to form the matrix of normalized eigenvectors, S. The user successfully computes S and the transformation S^{-1}BS, but struggles to relate S to the rotation matrix. The confusion arises from the choice of eigenvectors, as the text provides a different valid choice that simplifies the relationship to a pure rotation matrix. Ultimately, the choice of eigenvectors affects the nature of S, leading to a combination of rotation and reflection rather than a straightforward rotation. The conclusion highlights that the initial choice of eigenvectors was not incorrect, but it resulted in a more complex transformation than intended.
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So I am given B=\begin{array}{cc} 3 & 5 \\ 5 & 3 \end{array}. I find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors: 8, -2, and (1, 1), (1, -1), respectively. I am then told to form the matrix of normalised eigenvectors, S, and I do, then to find S^{-1}BS, which, with S = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{array}, I get \begin{array}{cc} 8 & 0 \\ 0 & -2 \end{array}. All great and dandy, that's the correct answer, and the text then asks me for the rotation matrix, which I give as \begin{array}{cc} cos\theta & -sin\theta \\ sin\theta & cos\theta \end{array}. However, when asked how the rotation matrix and S are related, I am clearly stumped; checking the answers, they have used S = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array}, which I think is a valid choice, since the eigenvector could have been (1,-1) or (-1,1). But since I made a different choice, I cannot get the answer they are looking for (That S is the rotation matrix for theta is 45).

Thus, have I made a mistake in my calculation? In my reasoning? In my assumptions? Or is it just that I was unlucky to have picked the way I did and the question wasn't expecting that (I doubt the latter)?
 
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You're just unlucky. The way you chose the eigenvectors, S is a rotation combined with a reflection across the line y=x. As you saw, you can choose the eigenvectors so that S is just a rotation.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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