Maximum force on rope and wavefunction

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The discussion focuses on analyzing a sinusoidal wave on a rope with a linear density of 0.012 kg/m, specifically calculating the maximum acceleration, transverse force, and the relationship between force and tension. The maximum acceleration is determined to be 375 m/s², while the maximum transverse force on a 1 cm segment of the rope is calculated as 0.045 N. A discrepancy arises when relating the maximum force to tension, leading to a calculated force of 0.09 N based on tension and wave properties. Participants debate whether the force should be doubled due to tension acting on both sides of the rope element. The conversation highlights the complexities of defining force in relation to tension and wave dynamics.
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Homework Statement


A sinusoidal wave on a rope with linear density ##\mu=0.012 kg/m## is described in SI units by $$\xi(x,t)=A sin (kx-\omega t)= 0.15sin(0.8x-50t)$$
a) find the maximum acceleration of a rope element
b) find the maximum transverse force on a piece of rope ##1 cm## long
c) Show how the force depends on the tension of the rope

Homework Equations


Wave equation

The Attempt at a Solution


a) This is simply ##a_{max}=\omega^2 A=375 m/s^2##
b) This should be ##F_{max, y}=m a_{max}=\mu \cdot 0.01 \cdot \omega^2 A = 0.045 N##
c) Tension should be related to such force by ##F_{y}=-T \frac{\partial \xi}{\partial x}## but here is the problem, since
$$\frac{\partial \xi}{\partial x}=-0.12 sin(0.8x-50t) $$

So the maximum value is ##0.12 ## and the force should be

$$F_{max,y}= 0.12 T= 0.12 \cdot \mu \cdot v^2$$

Now ##v=\frac{\omega}{k}=\frac{50}{0.8}=62.5 m/s## so it should be

$$F_{max,y}=0.09 N$$

Different from the value found in b), which is strange, did I get something wrong?
 
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I think I have a clue but I'm not sure... when you say that Fy= -T de/dx ...

Isn't it Fy= -2T de/dx at the maximum point ? Since the tension acts on both sides of the rope element

And the derivative of the sine is the cosine
 
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In the equation F=ma, how exactly is F defined? Constrast that with tension in a rope.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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