Maximum ionization of free elements

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The discussion centers on the maximum ionization of free elements, specifically the potential to strip all electrons from an element, resulting in a positive charge of +Z, where Z is the atomic number. While cation ionization is clear, the conversation raises questions about anion ionization and how many additional electrons an isolated element can capture. It explores whether an element can gain no electrons, up to the next noble gas configuration, or only fill existing subshells with single electrons. The complexity of electron affinity and subshell structure is highlighted as a key factor in determining an element's ability to form anions. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the limits of ionization in free elements.
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Hi,

I wondered what is the maximal ionization of a given element when it is free (not bound into a molecule).
I'd assume it is possible to strip off all electrons of a given element (given sufficient ionizing radiation) so the maximal positive charge should be +Z (Z being the atomic number).

While the cation ionization seems straightforward I'm more concerned about the anion ionization. How many additional electrons can be captured by an (isolated) element ? None ? Up to the next noble gas ? Or only filling up subshells which already have a single electron in it ?
Can someone shed light on how that is and why ?

Thanks and cheers.
 
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