Navier-Stokes with spatially varying viscosity

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the exploration of differential equations akin to the Navier-Stokes equations that can model incompressible fluid flow with spatially varying viscosity. Participants are investigating the theoretical framework and potential derivations for such equations, as well as the implications of varying viscosity on fluid dynamics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the existence of a differential equation similar to Navier-Stokes that incorporates spatially varying viscosity, noting that traditional Navier-Stokes treats viscosity as a constant.
  • Another participant suggests considering separate instances of Navier-Stokes with different viscosities on a grid, proposing a limit process as the grid size approaches zero, but expresses uncertainty about deriving a sensible PDE from this approach.
  • References to several papers are provided that discuss methods like smoothed particle hydrodynamics and the Lattice Boltzmann method, although they do not detail the specific PDEs solved.
  • A participant asks for clarification on how the components of the stress tensor relate to viscosity and velocity gradients in the context of the Navier-Stokes equations.
  • Another participant emphasizes the need to carefully consider the functional form of viscosity, noting that it can depend on factors like temperature and concentration, which complicates the notion of viscosity varying with position.
  • One participant asserts that Navier-Stokes can accommodate spatial and temporal variations in viscosity, provided an additional equation is included to relate viscosity to other variables.
  • Concerns are raised about the lack of response from the original poster regarding specific questions posed earlier in the discussion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the feasibility and implications of incorporating spatially varying viscosity into fluid dynamics equations. There is no consensus on a specific approach or solution, and multiple competing ideas are presented.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of defining viscosity as a function of position, suggesting that additional factors such as temperature and concentration must be considered. The discussion remains open-ended with unresolved mathematical steps and dependencies on definitions.

taktoa
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TL;DR
Is there an equation, similar to Navier-Stokes, that encompasses incompressible fluid flow with spatially varying viscosity?
Does anyone know of a differential equation, similar to Navier-Stokes, that encompasses incompressible fluid flow with spatially varying viscosity? Viscosity is treated as a global constant in NS; I've found some papers online that address NS with viscosity as a function of velocity, but I can't seem to find any on NS with viscosity as a function of position.
 
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Any thoughts on how to derive this?
 
Well, I was thinking you could consider separate instances of NS with different viscosities in a grid, and then take the limit as the grid size goes to zero. You'd obviously also need boundary conditions that enforce continuity between the NS instances. I have no idea how to get a sensible PDE out of that though.
 
In the x-direction, the terms involving viscous stresses in the equation of motion (in Cartesian coordinates) are:

$$\frac{\partial \tau_{xx}}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial \tau_{xy}}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial \tau_{xz}}{\partial z}$$Do you know how each component of the stress tensor is expressed in terms of viscosity and the velocity gradients?
 
taktoa said:
Summary: Is there an equation, similar to Navier-Stokes, that encompasses incompressible fluid flow with spatially varying viscosity?

I think if you want to be serious about this, you need to (more) carefully consider the functional form of viscosity- for example, the viscosity can be temperature dependent, so a viscosity gradient would exist when there is a thermal gradient (https://www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/10/545/2003/npg-10-545-2003.pdf). Similarly, the viscosity could vary with relative concentrations of (miscible?) components of a multiphase fluid: http://www.engr.mun.ca/muzychka/ETFS2008.pdf

Just stating "the viscosity varies with position" is problematic when discussing fluid flow.
 
There is no reason the Navier-Stokes equations can't handle flows with spatial and/or temporal variations in viscosity. The only difference is that viscosity becomes a variable instead of a constant. Of course that means one more equation is required relating viscosity to other variables like temperature.
 
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We haven't heard a peep from the OP since Sunday. I'm still waiting for a response from him on my questions in post #5.
 

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