Newton's Discovery of Mass, Force & G in SI Units

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around Newton's understanding of mass, force, and the gravitational constant (G) in the context of the units of measurement that were not established during his time. Participants explore how Newton formulated his laws without the modern SI units for mass and force.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how Newton determined the relationship between force and mass, specifically how he knew that a force of 1N would accelerate a mass of 1KG to 1m/s², given that SI units were established later.
  • Another participant suggests that Newton expressed his ideas in terms of proportionality, indicating that doubling the force results in a doubling of momentum change, and notes that the modern concept of units was likely not developed in his time.
  • A different participant humorously points out that the unit of force (Newton) was named after him, while also noting that Newton used pounds and feet as units of measurement.
  • One participant asserts that understanding the laws of physical behavior does not require knowledge of units, emphasizing the importance of proportionality in measuring mass and force.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity of units for understanding Newton's laws, with some emphasizing proportionality while others focus on the historical context of measurement. No consensus is reached regarding how Newton's understanding aligns with modern units.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in understanding Newton's work due to the absence of established units during his time, as well as the reliance on proportionality rather than specific measurements.

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What did Newton use to determine the mass of an object(During those days)
Even the SI unit for mass was established much time later.
The SI Unit for force was also established much later.
The G in F=GMm/d2 was discovered in Much later.

How did Newton knew that a force of 1N would accelerate a mass of 1KG to 1m/s2?
 
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There are numerous threads here discussing what Newton actually wrote (try searching on "Principia" and maybe you can find these discussions).

As I understand it, Newton expressed the idea in terms of proportionality: twice the force causes twice the change in momentum.

The modern concept of units probably wasn't really developed in Newton's time.
 
the unit was named after Newton! :wink:

(and he used pounds and feet, anyway)​
 
You do not need to know the units to determine the laws of physical behaviour. You need to know how to 'double' the mass and to have a means of measuring force and to know how to 'double' a force.
Both of the responses above have something sensible to say and I would say the key thing is the idea of proportionality.
 

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