A subgroup H is defined as normal if gHg^(-1) = H for all elements g in the group. If H is the unique subgroup of a certain order n, it must be normal because all conjugates xHx^(-1) will also have order n. The discussion clarifies that a subgroup is normal if its left and right cosets are identical. This property allows for the definition of a group operation on the cosets, forming a new group G/H. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping the structure of groups and their subgroups.