Number Theory Problem (sums of consecutive squares)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the mathematical problem of proving that the sum of three to six consecutive squares cannot yield a perfect square, while also finding an example of eleven consecutive squares that do. The participants utilize the formula for the sum of squares and modular arithmetic to explore the conditions under which these sums can be squares. Specifically, they derive equations such as 3n² - 6n + 5 = a² for m = 3 and 11(n² - 10n + 385) = a² for m = 11, ultimately concluding that n must be structured as either 11k or 11k + 10 to satisfy the conditions.

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Homework Statement



The sum of two consecutive squares can be a square: for instance, 32 + 42 = 52

(a) Prove that the sum of m consecutive squares cannot be a square for
the cases m = 3; 4; 5; 6.
(b) Find an example of eleven consecutive squares whose sum is a square.

The Attempt at a Solution


The only thing i can think of using is the formula for the sum of square numbers e.g. for part one for the case where m = 3, it simplifies to
3n2 -6n + 5 = a2. I don't know how to prove this cannot be a square. (or e.g. in part b) -
(n)(n+1)(2n+1)/6 - (n-11)(n-10)(2n-21)/6 = a2 which simplifies to 11(n2 -10n + 385) = a2
This would suggest to me that a is divisible by 11, however I'm not sure how to generate a number such that it is equal to a square - I've thought of maybe trying to substitute a value for n which will allow me to factor the l.h.s. into a square, and then i'd be done, however I don't have a clue. Is this even the right direction to be going in? Or is there some easy way to solve this with modular arithmetic? Thanks in advance!
 
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This might help: The term in parenthesis must have a factor of 11. The 385 is already divisible by 11, so the n2-10n must be divisible by 11. The 385 divided by 11 is equal to 35. Therefore, n2-10n divided by 11, when added to 35 must be a perfect square. The factors of n2-10n are n and n-10. Therefore, n is either 11k, or 11k+10, where k is an integer. Find the value of k that works.
 
For the case considering m = 3, you got 3n^2 -6n + 5 = a^2.

So now, all integers can be represented as 3k, 3k+1, or 3k+2. Try checking what remainders the squares of these general numbers give, when divided by 3, and apply the same idea to your equation too.

Also, a good idea of choosing the numbers would be (n-1), (n), (n+1) since its easier to calculate :)
 
This refers to my post #2. The value of k that works is k=1, and n = 11. With n = 11, a = 6x11=66.
 
I checked your algebra in obtaining the equation 11(n2 -10n + 385) = a2, and got a different result: (66n2-661n+2310)/6 = a2
 

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