Origin of Magnetism: Exchange Coupling Existence

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the existence of exchange coupling in magnetic substances, specifically between atoms and domains. It is established that the exchange interaction occurs between the spin magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. In ferromagnetic materials, small pieces behave as single domains, while larger pieces are divided into multiple domains due to various factors. The presence of thin domain walls facilitates a gradual change in magnetization direction between neighboring domains, which occurs over tens of atoms due to the nature of exchange interactions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of spin magnetic moments
  • Knowledge of ferromagnetic materials
  • Familiarity with domain theory in magnetism
  • Concept of exchange interaction in quantum mechanics
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  • Research the concept of exchange interaction in quantum mechanics
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Physicists, materials scientists, and anyone studying magnetism and magnetic materials will benefit from this discussion.

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does the exchange coupling exists between atoms or between domains in magnetic substances?
 
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HUMERA.S said:
does the exchange coupling exists between atoms or between domains in magnetic substances?

To my knowledge, the exchange interaction is between spin magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. As the result, any small piece ( in order of " exchange length" ) of a ferromagnetic material is a single domain as the size of the material becomes larger, other factors break the large domain in several domains. Between domains, we have thin domain walls. Through the domain wall, the magnetization ( in fact spin moments) change direction gradually from one domain to the neighboring domain. This rotation may take tens of atoms because due to the exchange interaction, sharp changes of direction of spins is not possible.
 

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