Orthogonal Projection of Perfect Fluid Energy Momentum

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the relativistic Euler equation by contracting the conservation law $$\partial _\mu {T^{\mu \nu}} =0$$ with the projection tensor $${P^{\sigma}}_\nu = {\delta^{\sigma}}_\nu + U^{\sigma} U_{\nu}$$ for a perfect fluid. The key equations involved include the conservation of energy-momentum tensor and the projection tensor's properties. The user identifies a discrepancy in their derivation compared to the result presented in Carroll's General Relativity text, specifically missing the term $$U^{\sigma} U^{\mu} \partial_\mu p$$. The discussion emphasizes the importance of correctly applying the projection tensor to account for all terms in the derivation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of relativistic fluid dynamics
  • Familiarity with the energy-momentum tensor in general relativity
  • Knowledge of projection tensors and their properties
  • Ability to manipulate tensor equations in a relativistic context
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of the relativistic Euler equation in Carroll's General Relativity, specifically on page 36
  • Study the properties of projection tensors in the context of general relativity
  • Explore the implications of the energy-momentum tensor for perfect fluids
  • Learn about the contraction of tensors and its applications in fluid dynamics
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for graduate students in physics, researchers in general relativity, and anyone studying the dynamics of perfect fluids in relativistic frameworks.

GL_Black_Hole
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Homework Statement


Derive the relativistic Euler equation by contracting the conservation law $$\partial _\mu {T^{\mu \nu}} =0$$ with the projection tensor $${P^{\sigma}}_\nu = {\delta^{\sigma}}_\nu + U^{\sigma} U_{\nu}$$ for a perfect fluid.

Homework Equations


$$\partial _\mu {T^{\mu \nu}} = \partial_\mu {(\rho +p)}U^{\mu} U^{\nu} + (\rho +p)(U^{\nu} \partial_\mu U^{\mu} + U^{\mu} \partial_\mu U_{\nu}) + \partial^{\nu} p$$

The Attempt at a Solution


Going term by term:
$$P^{\sigma}_\nu \partial_\mu (\rho +p) U^{\mu} U^{\nu} = \partial_\mu (\rho +p) U^{\sigma} U_{\mu} + U^{\sigma} U_{\nu} \partial_\mu (\rho +p)U^{\mu} U^{\nu}$$ but $$U^{\nu} U_{\nu} =-1$$ so this term is zero.

Next,
$$P^{\sigma}_\nu (\rho +p) U^{\nu} \partial_\mu U^{\mu} = 0$$
Then:
$$P^{\sigma}_\nu (\rho +p) U^{\mu} \partial_\mu U^{\nu} = (\rho +p)U^{\mu} \partial_\mu U^{\sigma}$$,
and finally:
$$P^{\sigma}_\nu \partial ^{\nu} p = \partial ^{\sigma} p$$.
But if I compare my answer to the result Carroll states on pg. 36 on his GR text I am off by a term:
$$U^{\sigma} U^{\mu} \partial_\mu p$$.

Where did I lose this term?
 
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GL_Black_Hole said:
$$P^{\sigma}_\nu \partial ^{\nu} p = \partial ^{\sigma} p$$
On the right hand side, where's the contribution from the second term of the projection tensor?
 

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