Undergrad Parallel Transport of a Tensor: Understand Equation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the mathematical conditions for parallel transport of tensors in a manifold, specifically the equation for a vector and a tensor of higher order. The key equation for a vector is given as ##v_{, j}^{i}+v^{k} \Gamma_{k j}^{i}=0##, where ##v_{, j}^i## represents the partial derivative of the vector component. For higher-order tensors, the condition is expressed as ##T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots j_{r}, k}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots i_{s}}+\sum_{m=1}^{s} T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots j_{r}}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots p_{m} \ldots i_{s}} \Gamma_{p_{m} k}^{i_{m}}-\sum_{n=1}^{r} T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots q_{n} \ldots j_{r}}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots i_{s}} \Gamma_{j_{n} k}^{q_{n}}=0##. This highlights the complexity of tensor notation and the necessity of understanding the role of Christoffel symbols in the covariant derivative.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential geometry concepts, particularly manifolds.
  • Familiarity with tensor notation and operations.
  • Knowledge of Christoffel symbols and their role in covariant derivatives.
  • Basic proficiency in calculus, especially partial derivatives.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Christoffel symbols in the context of Riemannian geometry.
  • Learn about covariant derivatives and their applications in tensor calculus.
  • Explore examples of parallel transport in different manifolds, such as spheres and hyperbolic spaces.
  • Investigate the implications of parallel transport in general relativity and its physical interpretations.
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, physicists, and students studying differential geometry or general relativity, particularly those interested in the behavior of tensors in curved spaces.

AndersF
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TL;DR
Understanding the equation for a tensor to be parallel-transported
According to my book, the equation that should meet a vector ##\mathbf{v}=v^i\mathbf{e}_i## in order to be parallel-transported in a manifold is:

##v_{, j}^{i}+v^{k} \Gamma_{k j}^{i}=0##

Where ##v_{, j}^i## stands for ##\partial{v^i}{\partial y^j}##, that is, the partial derivative of the component ##v^i## of ##\mathbf{v}## with respect to the general coordinate ##y^j##. I see that there is a sum in ##k## form 1 to ##n##, and that this equation must be meet for all ##i,j=1,2,...,n##, being ##n## the dimenssion of the manifold.

However, I find it difficult to understand how to read this formula describing the condition for parallel transport of a tensor:

##T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots j_{r}, k}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots i_{s}}+\sum_{m=1}^{s} T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots j_{r}}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots p_{m} \ldots i_{s}} \Gamma_{p_{m} k}^{i_{m}}-\sum_{n=1}^{r} T_{j_{1} j_{2} \ldots q_{n} \ldots j_{r}}^{i_{1} i_{2} \ldots i_{s}} \Gamma_{j_{n} k}^{q_{n}}=0##

(My theory is that whoever wrote that formula probably did so to engage in a competition of convoluted mathematical notations... :confused: )

Could somebody please help me understand it how should be read? For example, how would it apply for a tensor of order three ##T^{a,b}_{\alpha,\beta}##?
 
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It's not the easiest notation to read is it, haha. A tensor ##T^{\mu \dots}_{\nu \dots}## is parallel transported along a curve of tangent ##u^{\mu} = dx^{\mu}/d\lambda## if \begin{align*}
\dfrac{DT^{\mu \dots}_{\nu \dots}}{d\lambda} = u^{\rho} \nabla_{\rho} T^{\mu \dots}_{\nu \dots} = u^{\rho} (\partial_{\rho} T^{\mu \dots}_{\nu \dots} + \Gamma^{\mu}_{\sigma \rho} T^{\sigma}_{\nu} - \Gamma^{\sigma}_{\nu \rho} T^{\mu \dots}_{\sigma \dots} + \dots) = 0
\end{align*}There's one correction term per tensor index in the covariant derivative. Notice the patern: each index is pulled onto the Christoffel symbol and then replaced with a dummy index. Terms correcting for upper indices appear with a ##+## sign, and terms correcting for lower indices appear with a ##-## sign.
 
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Oh ok, it is by far much clearer the way you wrote it. Now I see it, thanks!
 
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