Polarity and distribution coefficient

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on determining the polarity of three compounds: benzoic acid, succinic acid, and sodium benzoate, in relation to their distribution coefficients in dichloromethane (Ch2Cl2) and water (H2O). The consensus is that sodium benzoate, due to its ionic nature, exhibits the highest polarity, followed by succinic acid, and then benzoic acid, which has the lowest polarity due to its single hydroxyl group. All three compounds possess a dipole moment, with benzoic acid having the smallest dipole moment among them.

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  • Understanding of polarity and dipole moments in organic compounds
  • Familiarity with liquid-liquid extraction techniques
  • Knowledge of functional groups, specifically carboxyl groups
  • Basic chemistry concepts related to solubility and distribution coefficients
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  • Research the concept of distribution coefficients in organic chemistry
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I need to determine polarity of 3 compounds in order to intuit the relationship between their distribution coefficients in Ch2Cl2 and H20.

The three compounds are benzoic acid (with a carboxyl group on a benzene ring), succinic acid (a straight chain with 2 terminal carboxyl groups), and sodium benzoate (and ionic carboxyl group on a bezene ring). I think the order is sodium benzoate (ionic) then succinic acid (no benzene ring) then benzoic acid in decreasing polarity. But I'm not certain. Can anyone comment?

Thanks~
 
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Does the succinic acid have an overall dipole moment?
 
dipole moment

there is no overall diploe moment mentioned.
thanks for responding.
 
no dipole moment either. whoops.
 
Would you say that benzoic acid has an overall polarity, a dipole moment?
 
ok. yes, all three have a dipole moment. benzoic acid's is the smallest as it has only one OH group to H-bond with. Succinic acid has 2 OH groups to H-bond with, and the sodium benzoate can form ionic bonds, trumping the other two.
 
Yes, you can correlate such matters with the solubility data which can be found on http://www.chemfinder.com, it took me a while to realize that all of this was pertinent to the topic of liquid-liquid extraction, I apologize for being so irrelevant.
 

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