Possible Jordan Forms for 3x3 Matrix with Negative Eigenvalues

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on identifying all possible Jordan forms for 3x3 matrices with eigenvalues that possess negative real parts. Five distinct Jordan forms are presented: J1, J2, J3, J4, and J5, each representing different multiplicities of eigenvalues. J1 features three distinct eigenvalues, J2 has one eigenvalue with multiplicity 2, J3 and J4 both have one eigenvalue with multiplicity 3, with J4 including generalized eigenvectors. J5 introduces complex conjugate eigenvalues alongside a distinct real eigenvalue.

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  • Understanding of Jordan canonical form
  • Knowledge of eigenvalues and eigenvectors
  • Familiarity with matrix theory
  • Concept of multiplicity in linear algebra
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  • Learn about generalized eigenvectors and their significance
  • Explore the implications of complex eigenvalues on Jordan forms
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Homework Statement


1. Homework Statement [/b]
Enumerate all possible Jordan forms for 3 x 3 systems where all the eigen-values have negative real parts. Do not use specific values. Instead, use possibilities
like λ1; λ2; λ3, each with multiplicity 1, or λ (multiplicity 3).



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



Let Ji be the Jordan Form

J1=\begin{bmatrix}
λ1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & λ2 & 0\\
0 & 0 & λ3
\end{bmatrix}

So λ1, λ2, and λ3 all have multiplicity 1

J2=\begin{bmatrix}
λ1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & λ2 & 1\\
0 & 0 & λ2
\end{bmatrix}

λ1 (Multiplicity 1), λ2 (Multiplicity 2)


J3=\begin{bmatrix}
λ1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & λ1 & 0\\
0 & 0 & λ1
\end{bmatrix}

λ1 (Multiplicity 3) With 1 generalized eigenvector



J4=\begin{bmatrix}
λ1 & 1 & 0\\
0 & λ1 & 1\\
0 & 0 & λ1
\end{bmatrix}

λ1 (Mulitiplicity 3) With 2 generalized eigenvectors


J5=\begin{bmatrix}
λ1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & λ2 & 0\\
0 & 0 & λ3
\end{bmatrix}

Where λ1 ε ℝ, λ2 and λ3 are complex conjugates such that
λ2= -a+bi and λ3=-a-bi. So λ1, λ2, and λ3 all have multiplicity 1.


1) Do these Jordan Forms look correct?
2) Are there more? ( I think there may be 3 more but I'm unsure)
 
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Why the blank spaces? Were those supposed to be "1"s?
 
Sorry if I seem confused but what blank spaces?
 

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