What Factors Influence the Tilt Angle of a Spinning Top's Precession?

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SUMMARY

The tilt angle of a spinning top's precession is primarily determined by initial conditions in a frictionless environment, remaining constant over time. In the presence of friction, the tilt angle decays. To increase the tilt angle, a force must be applied perpendicular to both gravity and the axis of rotation, rather than downward. Additionally, shaking the support surface in resonance with the precession frequency can effectively alter the tilt angle with less mechanical effort.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics, specifically angular momentum and torque.
  • Familiarity with the concept of precession in rotating systems.
  • Knowledge of friction's impact on motion and stability.
  • Basic principles of resonance and its effects on mechanical systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical equations governing precession in spinning objects.
  • Explore the effects of friction on angular motion and stability in mechanical systems.
  • Learn about torque and its role in changing the motion of rotating bodies.
  • Investigate resonance phenomena and their applications in mechanical engineering.
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, mechanical engineers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of rotating systems and precession phenomena.

dangus
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Im trying to understand the physics of the precession of a spinning top. What determines the tilt angle (the angle the top is tilted off the vertical axis)?
 
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dangus said:
What determines the tilt angle?
If there is no friction, tilt angle is determined by initial condition only and remains constant. If there is friction, it decays.
 
K^2 said:
If there is no friction, tilt angle is determined by initial condition only and remains constant. If there is friction, it decays.

Thank you for the quick reply. I have a couple quick follow up question: If I have a spinning top in a frictionless environment set at a tilt angle θ and I wished to apply a force to increase this tilt angle how would I do that?

Instinctively I would want to apply an additional force downwards in the direction of gravity. It is my understanding, however, that the downwards torquing force of gravity is what creates the precession motion in the first place and that changing its magnitude (by adding an additional force downwards) would change the precession frequency not the tilt angle. Is this correct? How then should I apply a force to change the tilt angle?

Im also curious about precession and how it relates to the motion of a spinning proton in a magnetic field. Since the tilt angle is determined by initial conditions, what determines the tilt angle of a precessing proton?

Thank you
 
Yes, your understanding is correct. To change the tilt angle, you must apply force along or against the direction of prrecession. In other words, a force that's perpendicular both to gravity and to the axis of rotation. To see which increases the tilt angle and which decreases, find direction of the torque.

There is another very creative way to change tilt angle. You can shake the support surface in resonance with precession frequency. It will effectively do the same thing as above, but in some situations, can be a lot easier to achieve mechanically.
 

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